Spatial and temporal analysis of artificial light pollution of the city night sky. A case study from Toruń

Device ID	LOCATION	START DATE (END DATE)	HEIGHT (floor)	ALL YEAR [mag/arcsec²]			SUMMER	AUTUMN	WINTER	SPRING
Device ID	LOCATION	START DATE (END DATE)	HEIGHT (floor)	MEAN	MIN	MAX	MEAN [mag/arcsec²]
1	Włocławska 167 Street	23.03.2021 (20.04.2021)	3rd	17.5	15.9	20.1				17.5
2	Włocławska 167 Street	23.03.2021 (20.04.2021)	3rd	17.6	15.5	19.9				17.3
3	Lwowska 1 Street	16.02.2021	3rd	16.9	14.1	20.0	17.7	16.4	16.3	17.3
7	Szosa Lubicka 182	30.03.2022	3rd	16.3	14.1	17.6	17.0	16.3	15.7	16.5
8	Szosa Chełmińska 160	30.03.2022	3rd	17.2	14.0	19.5	17.9	17.3	16.4	17.0
9	Witosa 7 Street	12.07.2022	3rd	16.1	13.9	18.5	16.6	15.8	15.6
10	Niesiołowskiego 26 Street	13.02.2022	1st	16.8	14.2	18.9	17.6	16.6	16.1	17.0
11	Kalinowa 17 Street	02.04.2022	ground	16.9	14.19	19.8	17.9	17.1	16.0	17.0
12	Rydygiera 19 Street	30.03.2022	9th	16.6	14.5	18.1	17.4	16.3	16.0	16.8
13	Kwiatowa 33 Street	03.01.2023	1st	15.8	14.0	19.4			15.8
14	Dębowa 15 Street	23.05.2022	ground	16.6	14.0	20.0	18.0	16.3	16.8	17.9
16	Rudak allotment	30.05.2022	ground	17.8	15.3	20.6	18.2	17.8	17.1	18.4
17	Szubińska 38 Street	05.06.2022	1st	17.2	14.5	20.8	17.3	17.3	16.9	17.6
18	Fałata 82 Street	12.11.2021	2nd	17.0	14.4	20.8	17.9	16.8	16.6	17.6
22	Drzymały 5 Street	30.03.2022	4th	17.2	14.7	20.3	18.2	17.2	16.5	17.6
23	Matejki 55 Street	11.08.2021	10th	17.0	14.2	20.2	17.9	16.7	16.5	17.7
25	Lwowska 1 Street	16.02.2021 (12.09.2021)	3rd	17.1	14.2	20.8	17.2		16.5	16.7
26	Konstytucji 3 Maja 13 Street	13.01.2023	9th	14.4	13.7	15.2			14.4
27	Łączna 40 Street	12.01.2023	3rd	16.4	14.3	20.9			16.4
28	Matejki 16 Street	02.04.2022	4th	16.9	14.0	20.3	17.8	17.0	16.2	17.3
29	Włocławska 167 Street	18.05.2021	3rd	17.1	13.3	20.1	18.0	16.9	16.8	17.0
30	Łączna 40 Street	29.03.2022 (12.01.2023)	3rd	18.1	15.8	20.9	18.1	18.1	17.1	17.9
31	Makuszyńskiego 2 Street	15.01.2022	ground	17.1	13.8	20.0	17.9	16.6	17.0	17.2
32	Dębowa 15 Street	03.09.2021 (23.05.2022)	ground	17.5	14.3	20.8	18.7	17.4	17.3	18.8
33	Końcowa 4 Street	28.07.2021	4th	17.1	14.0	20.8	18.1	17.0	16.5	17.7
34	Kwiatowa 33 Street	12.10.2021 (03.01.2023)	1st	17.0	14.1	21.0	17.9	16.9	16.7	17.4
35	Okólna 10 Street	30.12.2023	1st	16.2	14.1	20.2			16.1

1 Explanation:

– in the ‘Device ID’ column, the numbers of the sites are consistent with the internal, technical numbering of the devices; the location of the sites on the map of Toruń is shown in Figure 2;
– no value in selected rows means that a given device was not working in a given time window;
– the date in brackets in the ‘Start date’ column indicates the end date of the device’s operation (due to its replacement or malfunction).

Source: own elaboration

Location of the monitoring sites and communication gateways in Toruń, launched by the end of February 2023 as part of the night sky pollution monitoring system
Source: own elaboration

Spatial distribution of the mean annual value of surface brightness of the night sky in Toruń and the minimum and maximum values
Source: own elaboration

Spatial distribution of the mean value of surface brightness of the night sky in Toruń by astronomical seasons
Source: own elaboration

Table 2.

Prevalence (%) of each degree of cloud cover by astronomical season in the period from January 2019 to April 2022

OKTANS	ALL YEAR	SPRING	SUMMER	AUTUMN	WINTER
0	22%	28%	24%	15%	22%
1	6%	10%	8%	3%	2%
2	6%	7%	9%	4%	4%
3	4%	5%	6%	4%	3%
4	3%	4%	4%	2%	2%
5	5%	6%	7%	4%	4%
6	5%	7%	6%	4%	4%
7	18%	17%	19%	17%	18%
8	30%	16%	17%	44%	40%
9	1%	0%	0%	3%	1%

1 Source: own elaboration

Table 3.

Total correlation and correlation calculated for each astronomical season between surface brightness of the night sky and selected meteorological conditions related to the monitoring sites, with absolute values above 0.5 in bold

	ENTIRE YEAR			SUMMER			AUTUMN			WINTER			SPRING
Device ID	The height of the cloud base	Overall cloudiness	Visibility	The height of the cloud base	Overall cloudiness	Visibility	The height of the cloud base	Overall cloudiness	Visibility	The height of the cloud base	Overall cloudiness	Visibility	The height of the cloud base	Overall cloudiness	Visibility
1	0.6	-0.5	0.2										0.6	-0.5	0.2
2	0.5	-0.5	0.2										0.5	-0.5	0.2
3	0.6	-0.6	0.4	0.6	-0.6	0.2	0.7	-0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.3	0.5	-0.7	0.2
7	0.5		0.2	0.4		0.1	0.5		0.0	0.4		0.6	0.4		0.0
8	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.4		0.3	0.4		-0.2	0.5		-0.2	0.3	0.0	0.2
9	0.5		0.1	0.4		0.1	0.4		0.0	0.4		0.3
10	0.5	-0.3	0.1	0.4		0.1	0.7		0.0	0.2	-0.3	0.1	0.4		0.0
11	0.6		0.0	0.7		-0.1	0.6		-0.1	1.0		-0.1	0.6		0.1
12	0.5		0.2	0.4		0.2	0.5		-0.1	0.2		0.3	0.4		0.0
14	0.7		0.3	0.5		0.4	0.7		0.0	0.6		0.7	0.4		0.2
16	0.4		-0.1	0.4		0.0	0.4		-0.3				0.7		-0.2
17	0.2		-0.2	0.2		0.0	0.4		-0.2	0.7		0.4	0.4		0.0
18	0.6	-0.5	0.2	0.4		0.2	0.6	-0.4	0.0	0.5	-0.5	0.4	0.2	-0.4	0.1
22	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.2		0.5	0.5		-0.1	0.4		0.5	0.4	0.0	0.2
23	0.6	-0.6	0.3	0.5	-0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.0	0.5	-0.6	0.2	0.4	-0.4	0.0
25	0.5	-0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.0				0.4	-0.4	0.2	0.6	-0.7	0.2
28	0.6		0.4	0.3		0.2	0.6		-0.1	0.5		0.7	0.4		0.1
29	0.5	-0.5	0.3	0.6	-0.5	0.1	0.5	-0.5	0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.4	-0.5	0.1
30	0.5		0.0	0.6		0.0	0.4		-0.1				0.6		0.1
31	0.5	-0.5	0.3	0.3		0.3	0.7		-0.2	0.4	-0.5	0.1	0.3	-0.6	0.2
32	0.5	-0.4	0.1	0.6	-0.7	0.1	0.6	-0.5	0.1	0.4	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.6	-0.3
33	0.6	-0.5	0.3	0.5	-0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.0	0.4	-0.5	0.2	0.4	-0.4	0.1
34	0.5	-0.5	0.2	0.4		0.1	0.6	-0.5	0.0	0.5	-0.5	0.3	0.3	-0.1	0.0

1 Source: own elaboration

Spatial distribution of the correlation between the cloud base height and the measured surface brightness of the night sky in Toruń
Source: own elaboration

Measurements of night sky light pollution carried out at the sites located outside the built-up area (KLAN and KON) and those located in Toruń in different parts of the city (NCU and measurement sites No. 12, 23 and 8). The symbol of the Moon indicates a full moon
Source: own elaboration

Measurements of night sky light pollution carried out at selected monitoring sites in Toruń (No. 3 and 23) in relation to the phase of the moon and the degree of cloud cover; additionally, the moving mean calculated for 30 periods for measurements from each device is presented
Source: own elaboration

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0015 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046 (formerly 2084-6118)

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Language: English

Page range: 123 - 133

Submitted on: May 26, 2023

Accepted on: Jun 19, 2023

Published on: Jul 31, 2023

Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

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© 2023 Dominika Karpińska, Mieczysław Kunz, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 3 (July 2023)

Spatial and temporal analysis of artificial light pollution of the city night sky. A case study from Toruń

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Table 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Paradigm

My account

OKTANS	ALL YEAR	SPRING	SUMMER	AUTUMN	WINTER
0	22%	28%	24%	15%	22%
1	6%	10%	8%	3%	2%
2	6%	7%	9%	4%	4%
3	4%	5%	6%	4%	3%
4	3%	4%	4%	2%	2%
5	5%	6%	7%	4%	4%
6	5%	7%	6%	4%	4%
7	18%	17%	19%	17%	18%
8	30%	16%	17%	44%	40%
9	1%	0%	0%	3%	1%

OKTANS	ALL YEAR	SPRING	SUMMER	AUTUMN	WINTER
0	22%	28%	24%	15%	22%
1	6%	10%	8%	3%	2%
2	6%	7%	9%	4%	4%
3	4%	5%	6%	4%	3%
4	3%	4%	4%	2%	2%
5	5%	6%	7%	4%	4%
6	5%	7%	6%	4%	4%
7	18%	17%	19%	17%	18%
8	30%	16%	17%	44%	40%
9	1%	0%	0%	3%	1%

OKTANS	ALL YEAR	SPRING	SUMMER	AUTUMN	WINTER
0	22%	28%	24%	15%	22%
1	6%	10%	8%	3%	2%
2	6%	7%	9%	4%	4%
3	4%	5%	6%	4%	3%
4	3%	4%	4%	2%	2%
5	5%	6%	7%	4%	4%
6	5%	7%	6%	4%	4%
7	18%	17%	19%	17%	18%
8	30%	16%	17%	44%	40%
9	1%	0%	0%	3%	1%