The Iranian Housing System under the Islamic Republic Government (1990–2021)

the imbalance between household income on housing prices;

a lack of coordination between housing policy, and urban and regional development policies;

lack of optimum use of land;

absence of specialized companies in the field of land, housing, and building;

inadequate participation of the private sector;

failure to achieve desired goals on issues related to the ‘gradual payment of bank loans’;

lack of separation between cooperative enterprises in the field of housing production;

failure to achieve the objectives of rural housing improvement plans;

lack of sufficient information about the housing and construction sector.

encouraging participation in worn out and problematic urban fabric's gentrification processes;

replacement of local organs with government agencies for providing land;

reducing government interference in the direct supply of land;

coordination in the field of planning and policymaking;

setting administrative regulations for constructing residential and non-residential units;

issuing land transfer instructions to builders for renting residential units;

creation of a secondary market;

permission granted to establish private credit;

reinforcing mass production;

implementing rental housing policy.

ignoring short-term measures;

lack of proper infrastructure for mass building in the housing sector;

increasing housing prices and a lack of interest in buying a home;

high inflation;

rising materials costs;

low number of rental housing units;

reduction in the share of total housing credit;

a lack of rules and regulations concerning rental housing;

a lack of credit assistance;

a lack of organizations and specialized agencies in the field of housing;

a lack of necessary infrastructure facilities to develop new cities;

a lack of criteria for the renewal and modernization of worn-out fabrics;

the absence of a housing database;

the lack of a proper tax system.

increasing the proportion of durable residential buildings compared to entire buildings;

reducing the average size of apartments in urban areas;

increasing the number of floors in urban areas to increase building density;

continuously building new cities;

creating a platform for private sector investment in the form of participation;

construction of small houses;

increase in the supply of urban land by an urban land organization;

creating employment through the building sector.

government reducing the controls of land prices;

increasing wages and the amount of required construction materials;

the confusion and ambiguity of dealing laws;

ambiguity in landlord-tenant contracts;

low access to banking facilities compared to international standards;

lack of support for small rental units;

increase in the rent for rental units;

low level of government participation in the production of housing units;

inconsistencies in policies and programs adopted in the housing sector;

lack of transparency and uncertainty in tax rules.

average reduction in the size of apartments from 154m² to 122m²;

government financial support;

coherent explanation about supporting patterns of demand;

construction of social housing for vulnerable groups;

construction of rental and rent-ownership housing;

making decisions for capacity building;

use of new tools and methods;

trend to produce mass housing;

financial rotation in the housing sector.

Periodic fluctuations in the housing sector.

Failure to promote the use of pre-built industry practices.

Increase in the production costs of residential units.

Insufficient government support for investment.

Inconsistency of laws and policies.

Low level of banking amenities.

Incompatibility between housing patterns and the needs of applicants.

Lack of personal and social rental units.

Lack of institutional participation.

Lack of a rural housing database.

Lack of detailed statistical data.

Lack of effective policy for providing housing for low and middle-income groups.

Lack of regional and national spatial plans.

Lack of foresight in the housing sector.

Lack of coordination between the housing sector and master plans.

Construction of high-rise apartments with small areas.

Lack of land use plans.

Low construction density.

Problems in construction standards, laws, and regulations.

Insufficient studies related to the location, design, and implementation of preparedness plans.

Lack of coordination between development projects and economic conditions.

Lack of a detailed plan for housing.

problems created by the bank-based housing finance system;

lack of market capacity to absorb the micro resources available in the economy;

inadequacy of banking resources payable from private sector bank deposits;

creation of the ‘Dutch disease’^* in Iran's economy;

limited supply of land for housing construction;

lack of unified rules governing urban land policy;

lack of large-scale and sustainable mass production.

improvement and renovation of dilapidated urban textures;

optimal distribution of subsidies;

support for target groups;

enabling households to build appropriate houses in urban and rural areas;

optimal use of monetary and financial markets to regulate and balance the housing market;

developing the quality of the construction industry;

increasing housing production;

support for low-income groups and young couples;

development of the real estate market information system.