Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020

Bielec-Bąkowska, Zuzanna

Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020

Miscellanea Geographica

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 4 (October 2022)

By:

Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska

Open Access

|Oct 2022

Figures & Tables

Annual and seasonal frequency of occurrence of cyclonic and anticyclonic types of synoptic situation in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020Source: own study

Average monthly frequency [%] of particular air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020 (descriptions in the text)Source: own study

Frequency [%] of particular types of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020 (descriptions in the text)Source: own study

Frequency [%] of particular types of atmospheric front occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020 (descriptions in the text)Source: own study

Average frequency [%] of the types of atmospheric front occurrence in southern Poland during 1951–2020

Type of front	Frequency [%] of atmospheric fronts
Type of front	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter	Year
without fronts	58.9	56.3	58.8	58.9	59.4	59.6	59.7	62.9	62.0	62.6	59.2	58.0	59.1	60.7	61.3	57.1	59.7
wF	8.8	11.0	9.6	9.9	7.2	6.9	5.9	5.2	6.0	8.7	11.1	10.3	8.9	6.0	8.6	9.9	8.3
cF	13.5	13.1	13.7	14.4	17.7	18.6	19.4	17.7	18.8	15.6	13.9	14.5	15.3	18.6	16.1	13.7	16.0
oF	8.2	8.7	6.4	5.4	4.9	4.1	5.3	4.1	3.9	4.8	4.9	6.2	5.6	4.5	4.5	7.6	5.6
sF	1.9	2.4	2.4	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.4	4.0	2.5	2.4	2.0	1.7	3.0	3.6	2.3	2.0	2.6
vf	8.8	8.3	9.1	8.0	7.6	7.3	6.4	6.1	7.0	5.9	9.0	9.3	8.2	6.6	7.3	8.6	7.8
Sum	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

The annual course of the frequency [%] of occurrence of individual synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020; 100% is all cases of a given type of synoptic situation

Synoptic situation	Frequency [%]
Synoptic situation	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	Year
Na	5.4	6.5	8.6	8.1	11.9	12.9	13.3	8.3	7.8	6.8	4.8	5.5	100
NEa	5.3	5.7	8.0	9.7	16.7	12.0	11.1	11.2	7.7	4.4	3.5	4.7	100
Ea	9.4	9.6	10.4	9.0	12.3	6.2	5.6	7.5	7.1	8.4	6.7	7.9	100
SEa	11.9	11.6	11.3	7.3	6.9	3.2	1.9	5.1	8.4	12.0	10.4	10.1	100
Sa	7.5	8.3	9.3	6.9	6.2	4.1	3.5	6.6	9.8	13.9	14.5	9.3	100
SWa	12.2	7.5	6.4	5.3	4.4	3.8	3.4	6.4	9.8	15.0	13.6	12.3	100
Wa	12.7	8.9	6.6	4.0	3.5	5.8	8.4	9.8	9.0	9.7	9.6	11.9	100
NWa	8.5	8.0	8.6	5.6	6.2	10.4	11.6	9.2	10.2	7.2	7.1	7.5	100
Ca	10.4	7.1	6.7	4.5	5.9	6.9	6.3	10.3	13.2	11.9	7.7	9.0	100
Ka	7.0	5.5	6.6	7.9	8.6	10.0	11.3	11.5	10.1	8.1	6.9	6.6	100
Nc	5.4	6.8	8.1	11.9	11.4	13.3	13.4	9.3	6.7	4.6	4.3	4.8	100
NEc	4.6	6.1	7.4	13.8	13.9	15.0	9.9	9.5	6.4	4.9	4.1	4.4	100
Ec	6.8	7.3	11.0	14.3	15.0	10.6	5.1	3.9	5.8	7.0	6.3	6.9	100
SEc	7.7	9.3	11.6	15.0	11.4	6.4	4.0	4.7	5.8	6.3	9.5	8.4	100
Sc	7.3	9.2	9.8	12.2	10.0	4.6	4.1	4.3	6.3	9.2	13.4	9.6	100
SWc	9.6	10.0	11.0	9.0	7.2	3.9	4.3	4.6	6.3	10.7	11.8	11.6	100
Wc	10.3	8.6	8.8	6.6	5.0	6.3	9.5	8.2	7.7	8.2	9.4	11.3	100
NWc	8.6	7.2	9.1	8.1	7.8	11.0	12.7	8.5	7.1	5.8	6.4	7.7	100
Cc	4.6	6.5	7.1	14.1	13.9	12.6	7.6	8.2	5.7	7.3	7.4	5.0	100
Bc	4.4	5.2	7.6	10.4	12.4	12.6	11.3	10.8	7.7	6.4	5.6	5.7	100
X	8.4	8.4	10.9	10.4	9.2	7.2	5.9	7.7	8.1	8.2	7.7	7.8	100

The frequency [%] of the types of atmospheric front occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

Characteristics	Frequency [%] of atmospheric fronts
Characteristics	Lack	wF	cF	oF	sF	vf
Lowest	42.9	3.3	8.7	1.1	0.0	2.7
Average	59.7	8.4	15.9	5.5	2.7	7.7
Highest	73.7	13.4	26.3	12.3	10.9	15.9
Range	30.8	10.1	17.6	11.2	10.9	13.2

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of the occurrence of particular types of synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

Tendency [%/10 years]
Na	NEa	Ea	SEa	Sa	SWa	Wa	NWa	Ca	Ka	Nc	NEc	Ec	SEc	Sc	SWc	Wc	NWc	Cc	Bc	X
Year
−0.05	−0.05	−0.15	−0.10	0.11	−0.02	−0.45	−0.04	0.16	−0.08	0.08	0.04	0.02	−0.01	0.09	0.07	−0.02	0.07	0.01	0.25	0.08
Spring
−0.02	−0.03	−0.21	0.02	0.07	0.01	−0.33	−0.05	0.12	0.04	0.10	0.03	−0.07	−0.07	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.04	0.02	0.21	0.08
Summer
−0.07	−0.08	0.11	0.13	0.20	0.05	−0.76	−0.12	0.16	−0.13	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.12	0.09	−0.27	−0.03	0.00	0.41	0.07
Autumn
−0.07	−0.07	−0.30	−0.09	0.14	−0.02	−0.39	−0.06	0.23	−0.18	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.05	0.17	0.00	0.17	0.06
Winter
−0.04	−0.04	−0.19	−0.43	0.04	−0.12	−0.32	0.04	0.13	−0.06	0.08	0.07	0.07	−0.03	0.04	0.15	0.19	0.08	0.03	0.19	0.12

The frequency [%] of the directions of air mass advection and the occurrence of types of anticyclonic and cyclonic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

Seasons	Frequency [%]
	The direction of advection								Anticyclonic situations	Cyclonic situations	Unclassified situations
	N	NE	E	SE	S	SW	W	NW	A	C	X
Spring	7.0	7.5	10.8	9.3	6.7	8.3	14.0	9.5	49.0	49.0	2.0
Summer	8.4	7.5	6.0	3.6	3.4	4.9	19.7	13.5	54.3	44.3	1.3
Autumn	4.3	3.4	6.7	8.7	8.5	12.5	22.2	9.4	59.5	38.9	1.6
Winter	4.1	3.5	8.1	9.8	6.5	12.0	26.4	10.1	57.3	41.1	1.6
Year	6.0	5.5	7.9	7.8	6.3	9.4	20.5	10.7	55.0	43.3	1.6

Average seasonal frequency [%] of types of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

Type of air mass	Frequency [%] of air masses
Type of air mass	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter	Year
A	11.4	2.7	8.0	8.8	7.7
mP	13.9	25.3	16.2	13.6	17.3
omP	30.5	34.9	30.9	32.1	32.2
wmP	7.9	4.6	11.7	9.8	8.6
mP+omP+wmP	52.3	64.8	58.7	55.5	58.1
cP	22.6	17.5	20.0	22.4	20.7
mP+omP+wmP +cP	74.9	82.3	78.8	78.0	86.5
T	3.4	5.6	3.1	1.0	3.3
vAm	10.3	9.4	10.2	11.3	10.3
Sum	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

The annual and seasonal frequency [%] of occurrence of synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

Characteristics	Frequency [%] of synoptic situations
Characteristics	Na	NEa	Ea	SEa	Sa	SWa	Wa	NWa	Ca	Ka	Nc	NEc	Ec	SEc	Sc	SWc	Wc	NWc	Cc	Bc	X
Year
Lowest	0.5	0.8	1.6	0.5	0.3	1.1	2.5	1.4	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.3	0.5	3.6	1.1	0.0	1.4	0.0
Average	3.4	3.5	5.6	5.2	3.3	4.3	10.3	5.5	2.2	11.8	2.6	2.1	2.3	2.7	3.0	5.2	10.2	5.2	1.0	9.2	1.7
Highest	9.9	7.4	12.9	12.8	11.5	10.1	18.9	12.6	13.4	21.3	6.6	5.7	7.4	8.2	9.6	9.6	18.9	10.4	5.2	17.2	6.0
Range	9.3	6.6	11.2	12.3	11.2	9.0	16.4	11.2	13.2	20.8	6.3	5.7	7.4	7.7	9.3	9.0	15.4	9.3	5.2	15.8	6.0
Seasons
Spring	3.8	4.7	7.0	5.2	2.9	2.7	5.8	4.4	1.5	10.8	3.2	2.9	3.7	4.0	3.8	5.6	8.2	5.1	1.3	11.1	2.0
Summer	4.7	4.7	4.3	2.1	1.9	2.3	9.9	6.9	2.1	15.4	3.7	2.8	1.8	1.6	1.6	2.6	9.7	6.7	1.1	12.8	1.4
Autumn	2.7	2.2	4.9	6.4	5.0	6.7	11.7	5.4	2.9	11.8	1.6	1.3	1.8	2.3	3.5	5.9	10.3	4.0	0.8	7.3	1.6
Winter	2.4	2.2	6.0	7.0	3.3	5.6	13.9	5.3	2.4	9.2	1.8	1.3	2.0	2.7	3.2	6.5	12.5	4.9	0.6	5.7	1.6

The frequency [%] of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

Characteristics	Frequency [%] of air masses
Characteristics	A	mP	omP	wmP	cP	T	vAm
Lowest	2.5	10.4	19.7	0.8	8.8	0.0	0.0
Average	7.7	17.3	32.2	8.6	20.7	3.3	10.3
Highest	16.4	29.0	53.7	20.8	38.6	10.1	26.0
Range	14.0	18.6	34.0	20.0	29.9	10.1	26.0

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of occurrence of air advection in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

Tendency [%/10 years]
N	NE	E	SE	S	SW	W	NW	Anticyclonic situations (A)	Cyclonic situations (C)	Unclassified situations
Year
0.03	−0.01	−0.14	−0.11	0.20	0.06	−0.47	0.03	−0.67	0.60	0.08
Spring
0.08	0.00	−0.28	−0.05	0.13	0.03	−0.36	−0.01	−0.38	0.31	0.08
Summer
−0.02	−0.07	0.15	0.16	0.32	0.14	−1.04	−0.14	−0.52	0.46	0.07
Autumn
0.01	0.00	−0.25	−0.07	0.26	−0.01	−0.34	0.12	−0.79	0.73	0.06
Winter
0.04	0.04	−0.12	−0.47	0.08	0.03	−0.13	0.13	−0.99	0.87	0.12

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of types of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

Type of air mass	Tendency [%/10 years]
Type of air mass	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter	Year
A	0.76	0.24	1.17	−0.36	−0.56	−0.42	−0.21	−0.17	−0.43	0.40	0.26	0.88	0.09	−0.27	0.08	0.52	0.13
mP	−0.71	−0.29	0.51	−0.07	−0.03	−0.56	−0.26	−0.46	−1.46	−1.07	−0.93	−1.14	0.14	−0.43	−1.15	−0.74	−0.54
omP	0.03	0.27	−0.57	−1.04	−1.35	−0.01	−1.87	−1.97	−0.92	−0.92	−2.01	−1.46	−0.98	−1.30	−1.28	−0.29	−0.99
wmP	0.46	0.49	0.77	1.57	1.30	0.86	0.81	0.58	1.30	1.24	1.76	1.18	1.21	0.75	1.43	0.69	1.03
cP	−2.14	−2.32	−3.37	0.14	−0.12	−2.69	−0.36	0.55	0.96	−0.18	−0.40	−0.97	−1.13	−0.81	0.12	−2.10	−0.90
T	−0.29	−0.42	−0.49	−1.24	−0.54	1.30	0.92	0.75	−0.48	−0.56	−0.34	−0.44	−0.75	0.99	−0.46	−0.39	−0.15
vAm	1.90	2.00	1.98	1.00	1.30	1.51	0.96	0.72	1.04	1.08	1.66	1.95	1.43	1.06	1.26	1.98	1.42

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of occurrence of the types of atmospheric fronts in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

Type of front	Tendency [%/10 years]
Type of front	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter	Year
without fronts	−0.27	1.01	−0.29	1.17	0.30	−0.70	0.05	0.28	0.28	−0.56	0.13	−0.12	0.38	−0.12	−0.05	−0.60	0.10
wF	0.17	−0.24	−0.20	−0.44	−0.12	0.90	0.34	−0.07	−0.19	0.07	−0.28	0.29	−0.25	0.39	−0.13	0.00	0.02
cF	0.08	0.32	0.44	0.55	−0.11	−0.09	0.03	−1.02	−0.95	0.06	0.36	0.18	0.29	−0.36	−0.17	0.00	−0.01
oF	0.05	−0.45	−0.52	−0.87	−0.41	−0.72	−1.05	0.00	−0.01	−0.15	0.20	0.01	−0.60	−0.59	0.01	−0.23	−0.33
sF	0.59	0.34	0.86	1.22	1.60	1.59	1.36	1.47	0.98	0.96	0.45	0.50	1.23	1.47	0.80	0.48	1.00
vf	−0.61	−1.10	−0.28	−1.64	−1.26	−0.98	−0.74	−0.66	−0.12	−0.38	−0.88	−0.86	−1.05	−0.79	−0.46	−0.82	−0.79

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046

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Language: English

Page range: 237 - 248

Submitted on: Mar 16, 2022

Accepted on: May 30, 2022

Published on: Oct 31, 2022

Published by: University of Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

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© 2022 Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska, published by University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Previous article Volume 26 (2022): Issue 4 (October 2022)

Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Average frequency [%] of the types of atmospheric front occurrence in southern Poland during 1951–2020

The annual course of the frequency [%] of occurrence of individual synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020; 100% is all cases of a given type of synoptic situation

The frequency [%] of the types of atmospheric front occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of the occurrence of particular types of synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

The frequency [%] of the directions of air mass advection and the occurrence of types of anticyclonic and cyclonic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

Average seasonal frequency [%] of types of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

The annual and seasonal frequency [%] of occurrence of synoptic situations in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

The frequency [%] of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of occurrence of air advection in southern Poland during the years 1874–2020

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of types of air mass occurrence in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

The tendency [%/10 years] of changes in the frequency of occurrence of the types of atmospheric fronts in southern Poland during the years 1951–2020

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