Figure 1
Meteorological and sounding stations, and other places in the area of Warsaw
Source: own study
Figure 2
Synoptic weather charts: 17 June 2016, 00:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI).
Figure 3
Bounded weak echo region signature, visible before tracking in Warsaw: 17 June 2016, 10:23 UTC
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 4
PPI 0.5° product, supercell storm core over Warsaw, bounded by other convective cells: 17 June 2016, 11:03 UTC
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 5
Interventions of the National Fire Service taken after several wind gusts on 17 June 2016
Source: own study based on National Fire Service data
Figure 6
Damage in the central district of Warsaw: 17 June 2016
Photo: Krzysztof Piasecki
Figure 7
Direction of the wind based on the direction of fall of the trees; fig. 7d: map of analysed areas: 17 June 2016
Source: own study based on orthophotomap provided by geoportal.gov.pl.
Figure 8
Synoptic weather charts: 4 September 2016, 12:00 UTC and 5 September 2016, 00:00 UTC
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 9
PPI 0.5° radar product between 17:33 and 18:53 UTC (a – 17:33, b – 17:53, c – 18:13, d – 18:33, e – 18:44, f – 18:53): 4 September 2016
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 10
Shelf cloud in front of the forward flank downdraft (FFD) of the supercell storm approaching the central district of Warsaw: 4 September 2016, 18:55 UTC
Photo: Krzysztof Piasecki
Figure 11
PPI 0.5° and cross-section images of supercell storm before approaching Warsaw: 4 September 2016, 18:53 UTC
Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 12
Interventions of the National Fire Service taken after several wind gusts on 4 September 2016
Source: own study based on National Fire Service data
Figure 13
Wind damage in Warsaw on 4 September 2016 – broken trees and damaged cars
Photo: Krzysztof Piasecki
Table 1
A summary of storm detail
| Date | 17 June 2016 | 4 September 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Start time | 11:00 UTC | 18:50 UTC |
| Duration | 5 minutes | 10 minutes |
| Type of storm | supercell | supercell |
| Radar signatures | BWER | BWER, overhang |
| Meteorological characteristic | wind gust - 28.0 ms−1 rain - 6.4 mm | windgust - 23.3 ms−1 hail ⌀ 2–3 cm rain - 21.0 mm |
| Number of interventions | 527 | 260 |
[i] Source: own study