Analysis of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity in North Twenty Four Parganas district, West Bengal, India

Mondal, Tarun Kumar; Sarkar, Santana

doi:10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0063

Figures & Tables

Location map of the study areaSource: Government of India 2011

Cropping intensity zones in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)Source: authors’ maps based on data obtained from the Office of the Deputy Directorate of Agriculture (Admn.), GoWB, Barasat, North Twenty Four Parganas District, West Bengal, India

Irrigation intensity zones in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)Source: authors’ maps based on data obtained from the Office of the Deputy Directorate of Agriculture (Admn.), GoWB, Barasat, North Twenty Four Parganas District, West Bengal, India

Relationship between irrigation intensity and cropping intensity in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)Source: authors’ maps based on data obtained from the Office of the Deputy Directorate of Agriculture (Admn.), GoWB, Barasat, North Twenty Four Parganas District, West Bengal, India

ANOVA (1996/97)

		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Cropping Intensity (1996/97)	Between Groups	25691.975	2	12845.987	15.772	.000
	Within Groups	14660.781	18	814.488
	Total	40352.756	20
Irrigation Intensity (1996/97)	Between Groups	4952.253	2	2476.127	54.635	.000
	Within Groups	815.789	18	45.322
	Total	5768.042	20

Cropping intensity (X), irrigation intensity (Y), residuals (X and Y), area under HYVs of cereals to total cereals area and use of chemical fertilizers, i_e_ NPK, in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)

Sl. Nos.	Agricultural Blocks	Cropping Intensity (%) X^*		Irrigation Intensity (%) Y^*		Residuals (X and Y)^*		Area under HYVs of Cereals to Total Cereals Area (%)^#		Use of Chemical Fertilizers i.e. NPK (kg/hectare)^#
Sl. Nos.	Agricultural Blocks	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16
1	Amdanga	220.06	271.26	68.21	65.26	−2.3	20.71	86.37	98.43	124.63	223.87
2	Barasat-I	178.32	270.28	49.91	55.99	−9.89	51.53	90.51	98.96	140.37	246.5
3	Barasat-II	191.19	260.89	57.3	56.17	−10.81	41.52	82.44	98.19	119.82	240.68
4	Barrackpur	193.49	258.57	62.27	55.01	−17.77	43.17	86.99	95.06	147.81	292.58
5	Deganga	219.98	246.61	79.55	71.91	−23.54	−26.77	91.11	99.55	143.69	244.91
6	Habra-I	234.75	208.14	71.31	58.72	6.62	−19.98	95.19	100.00	171.88	308.82
7	Habra-II	240.85	263.86	88.77	60.65	−19.85	29.13	95.02	99.60	132.71	267.94
8	Rajarhat	210.16	260.22	36.25	71.64	47.43	−12.24	86.41	98.44	145.11	360.45
9	Baduria	264.87	266.3	78.68	59.01	23	37.18	95.39	99.14	155.04	233.36
10	Basirhat-I	214.32	219.62	55.49	55.45	15.71	2.7	93.41	99.36	129.26	221.28
11	Basirhat-II	205.08	233.37	54.96	56.62	7.46	12.45	90.79	98.00	143.13	241.46
12	Haroa	161.81	212.64	52.87	51.02	−31.92	10.95	71.68	91.84	100.92	209.61
13	Hasnabad	154.87	186.05	44.35	48.83	−22.98	−8.12	78.34	99.88	64.74	203.19
14	Hingalganj	110.37	116.24	31.14	35.81	−42.82	−33.26	64.37	90.67	42.88	150.39
15	Minakhan	136.91	133.03	42.7	40.7	−37.85	−33.25	77.35	92.85	87.58	165.34
16	Sandeshkhali-I	177.75	167.77	46.04	51.7	−3.25	−36.26	67.53	95.32	83.93	171.73
17	Sandeshkhali-II	146.34	111.8	32	35.17	−8.47	−35.51	42.68	76.57	59.67	153.37
18	Swarupnagar	246.18	261.99	81.15	56.73	−0.3	40.69	84.89	100.00	120.13	217.01
19	Bagdah	230.51	242.92	80.05	77.54	−13.93	−49.79	93.8	99.48	106.26	214.49
20	Bongaon	262.37	268.07	49.97	72.02	74.05	−5.71	95.05	98.24	117.93	231.09
21	Gaighata	277.41	270.06	59.45	79.44	71.4	−29.15	93.72	100.00	127.42	240.94
District Total		209.29	228.06	61.55	61.95	-	-	85.81	96.93	120.39	230.11

Agro-ecological regions, density of rural population, net cropped area, gross cropped area and gross irrigated area in North Twenty Four Parganas district

Sl. Nos.	Agricultural Blocks	Agro-Ecological Regions (area in km²)	*Density of Rural Population^ (persons/km²**			Net Cropped Area (hectares)^#		Gross Cropped Area (hectares)^#		Gross Irrigated Area (hectares)^#
Sl. Nos.	Agricultural Blocks	Agro-Ecological Regions (area in km²)	1991	2001	2011	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16	1996/97	2015/16
1	Amdanga	Gangetic Plains (1410.35)	1001	1190	1364	8995	8995	19794	24400	13502	15923
2	Barasat-I		1593	2146	2146	6320	6320	11270	17082	5625	9564
3	Barasat-II		1295	1483	1710	9730	9730	18603	25385	10660	14259
4	Barrackpur		1562	1763	1715	7570	7570	14647	19574	9120	10768
5	Deganga		1143	1362	1553	12000	12569	26397	30996	21000	22289
6	Habra-I		1027	1472	1646	8808	8808	20677	18333	14745	10765
7	Habra-II		837	1226	1344	8000	8000	19268	21109	17104	12802
8	Rajarhat		1749	1945	1835	3958	1370	8318	3565	3015	2554
9	Baduria		1008	1378	1567	12390	13490	32818	35924.5	25820	21200
10	Basirhat-I		1090	1321	1436	7400	9133	15860	20058	8800	11123
11	Basirhat-II		1224	1507	1715	8595	8174	17627	19076	9687	10801
12	Haroa	Coastal Saline Region (1028.62)	989	1195	1403	9100	8953	14725	19038	7785	9713
13	Hasnabad		972	1160	1306	11020	8600	17067	16000	7570	7812
14	Hingalganj		618	655	694	14200	14200	15673	16506	4880	5910
15	Minakhan		874	1064	1267	11400	7194	15608	9570.5	6665	3895
16	Sandeshkhali-I		665	771	902	8064	7559	14334	12681.5	6600	6556
17	Sandeshkhali-II		603	691	816	7730	9830	11312	10990	3620	3865
18	Swarupnagar	Ichhamati Basin (1082.91)	917	1054	1179	13120	13083	32299	34276	26210	19445
19	Bagdah		819	941	1041	14800	17754	34115	43128.3	27310	33443
20	Bongaon		874	1022	1131	22940	22940	60187	61494.5	30074	44291
21	Gaighata		1021	1187	1173	15910	15910	44136	42966.2	26240	34131
District Total			980	1171	1277	222050	220182	464735	502154	286032	311109

Post-hoc Tests (1996/97)

Tukey HSD (Multiple Comparisons)
Dependent Variable	(I) Ward Method	(J) Ward Method	Mean Difference (I–J)	Std. Error	Sig.	95% Confidence Interval
Dependent Variable	(I) Ward Method	(J) Ward Method	Mean Difference (I–J)	Std. Error	Sig.	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Cropping Intensity (1996/97)	1	2	77.17661^*	14.77046	.000	39.4800	114.8732
	1	3	12.76619	15.87776	.705	−27.7565	53.2888
	2	1	−77.17661^*	14.77046	.000	−114.8732	−39.4800
	2	3	−64.41042^*	15.41295	.002	−103.7468	−25.0741
	3	1	−12.76619	15.87776	.705	−53.2888	27.7565
	3	2	64.41042^*	15.41295	.002	25.0741	103.7468
Irrigation Intensity (1996/97)	1	2	36.33821^*	3.48421	.000	27.4459	45.2305
	1	3	21.67238^*	3.74541	.000	12.1135	31.2313
	2	1	−36.33821^*	3.48421	.000	−45.2305	−27.4459
	2	3	−14.66583^*	3.63577	.002	−23.9449	−5.3868
	3	1	−21.67238^*	3.74541	.000	−31.2313	−12.1135
	3	2	14.66583^*	3.63577	.002	5.3868	23.9449

Robust Tests of Equality of Means (2015/16)

		Statistic^a	df1	df2	Sig.
Cropping Intensity (2015/16)	Welch	186.750	2	4.780	.000
Cropping Intensity (2015/16)	Brown-Forsythe	94.294	2	7.745	.000
Irrigation Intensity (2015/16)	Welch	43.072	2	8.316	.000
Irrigation Intensity (2015/16)	Brown-Forsythe	38.153	2	17.286	.000

Partial correlation between cropping intensity and selected independent variables

Dependent Variable	Independent Variables^*	Correlation	Significance (2-tailed)	Degrees of Freedom
Cropping Intensity (%)	Irrigation Intensity (%)	0.363	0.138	16
	Area under HYVs of Cereals to Total Cereals Area (%)	0.210	0.402	16
	Use of Chemical Fertilizers, i.e. NPK (kg/hectare)	0.500	0.035^**	16

Cluster criteria and association of Agricultural Blocks in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)

Clusters	Cluster Criteria	1996/97	2015/16
Clusters	Cluster Criteria	Agricultural Blocks	Agricultural Blocks
1	Moderate to high cropping intensity and irrigation intensity	Amdanga, Deganga, Habra-I, Habra-II, Baduria, Swarupnagar and Bagdah	Amdanga, Barasat-I, Barasat-II, Barrackpur, Deganga, Habra-II, Rajarhat, Baduria, Swarupnagar, Bagdah, Bongaon and Gaighata
2	Moderate cropping intensity and irrigation intensity	Barasat-I, Rajarhat, Haora, Hasnabad, Hingalganj, Minakhan, Sandeshkhali-I and Sandeshkhali-II	Habra-I, Basirhat-I, Basirhat-II, Haroa, Hasnabad and Sandeshkhali-I
3	Low cropping intensity and moderate irrigation intensity	Barasat-II, Barrackpur, Basirhat-I, Basirhat-II, Bongaon and Gaighata	Hingalganj, Minakhan and Sandeshkhali-II

Post-hoc Tests (2015/16)

Games-Howell (Multiple Comparisons)
Dependent Variable	(I) Ward Method	(J) Ward Method	Mean Difference (I–J)	Std. Error	Sig.	95% Confidence Interval
Dependent Variable	(I) Ward Method	(J) Ward Method	Mean Difference (I–J)	Std. Error	Sig.	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Cropping Intensity (2015/16)	1	2	57.15417^*	10.05702	.004	25.8715	88.4369
	1	3	141.39583^*	6.96935	.001	109.9476	172.8441
	2	1	−57.15417^*	10.05702	.004	−88.4369	−25.8715
	2	3	84.24167^*	11.66894	.000	49.8575	118.6259
	3	1	−141.39583^*	6.96935	.001	−172.8441	−109.9476
	3	2	−84.24167^*	11.66894	.000	−118.6259	−49.8575
Irrigation Intensity (2015/16)	1	2	11.39083^*	3.02058	.005	3.5875	19.1941
	1	3	27.88750^*	3.12802	.000	19.4289	36.3461
	2	1	−11.39083^*	3.02058	.005	−19.1941	−3.5875
	2	3	16.49667^*	2.33231	.002	8.9642	24.0291
	3	1	−27.88750^*	3.12802	.000	−36.3461	−19.4289
	3	2	−16.49667^*	2.33231	.002	−24.0291	−8.9642

Net cropped area, gross cropped area, gross irrigated area, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity, area under HYVs of cereals to total cereals area and use of chemical fertilizers, i_e_ NPK, in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 to 2015/16)

Years	Net Cropped Area (hectares)^#	Gross Cropped Area (hectares)^#	Cropping Intensity (%)^*	Gross Irrigated Area (hectares)^#	Irrigation Intensity (%)^*	Area under HYVs of Cereals to Total Cereals Area (%)^#	Use of Chemical Fertilizers, i.e. NPK (kg/hectare)^#
1996/97	222 050	464 735	209.29	286 032	61.55	85.81	120
1997/98	222 050	467 193	210.40	286 032	61.22	85.79	125
1998/99	222 050	468 525	211.00	286 032	61.05	84.23	144
1999/00	222 050	471 412	212.30	265 894	56.4	52.94	167
2000/01	222 050	466 615	210.14	194 587	41.7	89.92	139
2001/02	222 050	472 966	213.00	195 689	41.37	90.67	151
2002/03	222 050	455 424	205.10	189 720	41.66	90.6	165
2003/04	222 050	464 084	209.00	198 745	42.83	92.18	161
2004/05	222 050	447 852	201.69	200 475	44.76	92.49	173
2005/06	222 050	500 434	225.37	245 178	48.99	94.4	179
2006/07	222 050	472 966	213.00	189 689	40.11	92.61	171
2007/08	225 000	483 750	215.00	193 987	40.1	95.79	165
2008/09	225 000	503 437	223.75	195 940	38.92	97.09	168
2009/10	225 000	462 712	205.65	195 940	42.35	95.53	185
2010/11	225 000	478 597	212.71	195 940	40.94	92.47	188
2011/12	225 000	479 250	213.00	197 058	41.12	95.37	189
2012/13	225 000	482 400	214.40	198 994	41.25	95.72	197
2013/14	220 182	481097	218.50	256 478	53.31	96.09	217
2014/15	220 182	493 207	224.00	287 459	58.28	95.97	224
2015/16	220 182	502 154	228.06	311 109	61.95	96.93	230

Analysis of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity in North Twenty Four Parganas district, West Bengal, India

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

ANOVA (1996/97)

Cropping intensity (X), irrigation intensity (Y), residuals (X and Y), area under HYVs of cereals to total cereals area and use of chemical fertilizers, i_e_ NPK, in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)

Agro-ecological regions, density of rural population, net cropped area, gross cropped area and gross irrigated area in North Twenty Four Parganas district

Post-hoc Tests (1996/97)

Robust Tests of Equality of Means (2015/16)

Partial correlation between cropping intensity and selected independent variables

Cluster criteria and association of Agricultural Blocks in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 and 2015/16)

Post-hoc Tests (2015/16)

Net cropped area, gross cropped area, gross irrigated area, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity, area under HYVs of cereals to total cereals area and use of chemical fertilizers, i_e_ NPK, in North Twenty Four Parganas district (1996/97 to 2015/16)

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