Summary comparing the variation of visitor and non-visitor answers
| Do you agree with the following statements (data in %) | measures | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| category | strongly disagree | somewhat disagree | neither agree nor disagree | somewhat agree | strongly agree | mean | standard deviation |
| S1. Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for Russians/Ukrainians | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 6.8 | 45.2 | 31.5 | 16.4 | 3.58 | 0.85 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 3.8 | 4.2 | 40.7 | 32.6 | 18.6 | 3.58 | 0.97 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 5.8 | 12.6 | 31.1 | 26.3 | 24.2 | 3.51 | 1.16 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 9.5 | 9.5 | 31.0 | 34.9 | 15.1 | 3.37 | 1.14 |
| S2. Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for tourists from other countries | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 11.0 | 41.1 | 30.1 | 17.8 | 3.55 | 0.91 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 3.0 | 11.4 | 39.8 | 26.3 | 19.5 | 3.48 | 1.03 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.5 | 22.6 | 31.1 | 35.8 | 10.0 | 3.32 | 0.95 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 2.4 | 23.0 | 25.4 | 33.3 | 15.9 | 3.37 | 1.08 |
| S3. Poland is a country with modern tourist attractions | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 23.3 | 21.9 | 39.7 | 15.1 | 3.47 | 1.01 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 2.5 | 14.0 | 37.7 | 35.2 | 10.6 | 3.37 | 0.94 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 1.1 | 11.6 | 38.4 | 26.3 | 22.6 | 3.58 | 1.00 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 12.7 | 38.9 | 27.0 | 20.6 | 3.54 | 0.99 |
| S4. Poland offers a high standard of tourist services | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 8.2 | 35.6 | 47.9 | 8.2 | 3.56 | 0.76 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 9.3 | 47.9 | 30.5 | 11.4 | 3.42 | 0.85 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 3.2 | 7.9 | 33.2 | 36.8 | 18.9 | 3.61 | 0.99 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 4.8 | 4.8 | 31.7 | 37.3 | 21.4 | 3.66 | 1.02 |
| S5. Poland offers favourable prices for tourist services | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 12.3 | 41.1 | 37.0 | 9.6 | 3.44 | 0.83 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 5.9 | 8.5 | 44.1 | 30.5 | 11.0 | 3.32 | 0.98 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 2.6 | 8.9 | 37.9 | 30.0 | 20.5 | 3.57 | 1.00 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 4.8 | 10.3 | 35.7 | 26.2 | 23.0 | 3.52 | 1.10 |
| S7. There are beautiful landscapes in Poland | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 4.1 | 13.7 | 42.5 | 39.7 | 4.18 | 0.82 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 4.7 | 20.8 | 29.2 | 45.3 | 4.15 | 0.91 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.0 | 2.1 | 18.4 | 43.7 | 35.8 | 4.13 | 0.78 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 1.6 | 19.0 | 38.9 | 39.7 | 4.15 | 0.84 |
| S8. Poland is a country in which it is easy to travel | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 2.7 | 21.9 | 47.9 | 27.4 | 4.00 | 0.78 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 2.1 | 5.5 | 37.3 | 31.8 | 23.3 | 3.69 | 0.96 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.5 | 3.2 | 37.9 | 32.1 | 26.3 | 3.81 | 0.88 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 1.6 | 4.0 | 42.9 | 31.0 | 20.6 | 3.65 | 0.91 |
| S9. There is very good tourist infrastructure in Poland | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 6.8 | 37.0 | 45.2 | 11.0 | 3.60 | 0.78 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 1.3 | 9.3 | 36.9 | 39.0 | 13.6 | 3.54 | 0.89 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.0 | 6.3 | 28.9 | 51.1 | 13.7 | 3.72 | 0.78 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 12.7 | 29.4 | 44.4 | 12.7 | 3.56 | 0.90 |
| S10. In Poland, it is easy to find information on what to visit and where to go | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 2.7 | 38.4 | 47.9 | 11.0 | 3.67 | 0.71 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 5.1 | 29.7 | 41.5 | 23.7 | 3.84 | 0.84 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 2.1 | 2.6 | 37.9 | 33.2 | 24.2 | 3.75 | 0.93 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 3.2 | 38.9 | 37.3 | 19.8 | 3.72 | 0.85 |
| S11. There are many cultural events in Poland | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 9.6 | 27.4 | 45.2 | 17.8 | 3.71 | 0.87 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 1.3 | 6.8 | 28.0 | 36.4 | 27.5 | 3.82 | 0.96 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.5 | 3.2 | 32.6 | 46.3 | 17.4 | 3.77 | 0.79 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 6.3 | 19.8 | 49.2 | 24.6 | 3.92 | 0.84 |
| S12. In Poland I can spend my time any way I like | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 4.1 | 23.3 | 47.9 | 24.7 | 3.93 | 0.80 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 3.4 | 21.6 | 37.3 | 37.7 | 4.09 | 0.84 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.0 | 3.2 | 22.6 | 55.8 | 18.4 | 3.89 | 0.73 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 1.6 | 3.2 | 23.8 | 49.2 | 22.2 | 3.87 | 0.85 |
| S13. Poland is a country where you can travel safely | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 12.3 | 26.0 | 42.5 | 19.2 | 3.68 | 0.93 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 1.7 | 9.7 | 29.7 | 38.6 | 20.3 | 3.66 | 0.97 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.0 | 3.7 | 25.3 | 58.4 | 12.6 | 3.80 | 0.70 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 0.8 | 27.0 | 57.1 | 15.1 | 3.73 | 0.92 |
| S14. There are many important European cultural locations in Poland | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 2.7 | 15.1 | 53.4 | 28.8 | 4.08 | 0.74 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 0.8 | 4.7 | 27.5 | 40.7 | 26.3 | 3.87 | 0.89 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 0.5 | 8.4 | 32.6 | 33.7 | 24.7 | 3.74 | 0.95 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 0.0 | 6.3 | 39.7 | 28.6 | 25.4 | 3.87 | 0.66 |
| S15. Time spent in Poland is more interesting than in many other popular places abroad | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 0.0 | 34.2 | 27.4 | 20.5 | 17.8 | 3.22 | 1.11 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 11.4 | 22.0 | 33.1 | 25.8 | 7.6 | 2.96 | 1.11 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 6.8 | 21.1 | 44.2 | 15.8 | 12.1 | 3.05 | 1.06 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 4.0 | 19.8 | 43.7 | 19.8 | 12.7 | 3.17 | 1.02 |
| S16. Poland is one of the countries that I would like to get to know better | |||||||
| Russians – visitors | 4.1 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 23.3 | 42.5 | 3.85 | 1.24 |
| Russians – non-visitors | 8.5 | 4.2 | 12.7 | 22.9 | 51.7 | 4.05 | 1.26 |
| Ukrainians – visitors | 2.6 | 12.6 | 28.4 | 36.8 | 19.5 | 3.58 | 1.02 |
| Ukrainians – non-visitors | 4.8 | 7.9 | 23.0 | 32.5 | 31.7 | 3.79 | 1.12 |
The results of verification of null hypotheses in relation to Russian and Ukrainian visitors and non-visitors
| statements | Russians – visitors | Russians – non-visitors | Ukrainians – visitors | Ukrainians – non-visitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| level of significance – 0.05; H0: m = 3 | ||||
| cv = 2.00 | cv = 1.96 | cv =1.96 | cv = 1.98 | |
| empirical value of Student's t-test | ||||
| S1 | 5.75 | 9.18 | 6.01 | 3.59 |
| S2 | 5.09 | 7.14 | 4.65 | 3.88 |
| S3 | 3.89 | 6.07 | 7.99 | 6.15 |
| S4 | 6.24 | 7.67 | 8.47 | 7.24 |
| S5 | 4.46 | 5.06 | 7.84 | 5.34 |
| S7 | 12.16 | 19.37 | 19.93 | 15.38 |
| S8 | 10.85 | 10.92 | 12.55 | 8.06 |
| S9 | 6.58 | 9.35 | 12.79 | 6.93 |
| S10 | 8.04 | 15.31 | 11.13 | 9.59 |
| S11 | 6.92 | 13.15 | 13.42 | 12.37 |
| S12 | 9.82 | 19.93 | 16.96 | 11.55 |
| S13 | 6.28 | 10.48 | 15.77 | 14.68 |
| S14 | 12.40 | 14.98 | 10.75 | 8.95 |
| S15 | 1.68 | −0.53 | 0.68 | 1.92 |
| S16 | 5.80 | 12.76 | 7.79 | 7.86 |
Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents
| Feature | Russians | Ukrainians | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| number of respondents | percentage | number of respondents | percentage | |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 174 | 56.3 | 172 | 54.4 |
| Men | 135 | 43.7 | 144 | 45.6 |
| Age | ||||
| Up to 18 years | 40 | 12.9 | 61 | 19.3 |
| 19–40 years | 173 | 56.0 | 176 | 55.7 |
| 41–65 years | 66 | 21.4 | 41 | 13.0 |
| Over 65 years | 30 | 9.7 | 38 | 12.0 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Village | 40 | 12.9 | 87 | 27.5 |
| City | 170 | 55.0 | 162 | 51.3 |
| Capital city of the region | 99 | 32.1 | 67 | 21.2 |
| Previously visited Poland | ||||
| Yes | 73 | 23.6 | 190 | 60.1 |
| No | 236 | 76.4 | 126 | 39.1 |
Cronbach's correlation coefficients and values after omitting a given statement for surveys completed by Russians and Ukrainians
| Statement | Russia | Ukraine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation coefficient* | Cronbach's alpha index** | Correlation coefficient* | Cronbach's alpha index** | ||
| S1 | Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for Russians/Ukrainians | 0.516 | 0.874 | 0.289 | 0.633 |
| S2 | Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for tourists from other countries | 0.546 | 0.873 | 0.341 | 0.625 |
| S3 | Poland is a country with modern tourist attractions | 0.611 | 0.870 | 0.370 | 0.621 |
| S4 | Poland offers a high standard of tourist services | 0.608 | 0.871 | 0.280 | 0.634 |
| S5 | Poland offers favourable prices for tourist services | 0.605 | 0.871 | 0.237 | 0.640 |
| S6 | Poland is a country whose tourist attractions require more advertising | 0.209 | 0.888 | 0.038 | 0.669 |
| S7 | There are beautiful landscapes in Poland | 0.528 | 0.874 | 0.171 | 0.647 |
| S8 | Poland is a country in which it is easy to travel | 0.591 | 0.871 | 0.288 | 0.633 |
| S9 | There is very good tourist infrastructure in Poland | 0.579 | 0.872 | 0.260 | 0.637 |
| S10 | In Poland, it is easy to find information on what to visit and where to go | 0.470 | 0.876 | 0.250 | 0.638 |
| S11 | There are many cultural events in Poland | 0.635 | 0.869 | 0.251 | 0.638 |
| S12 | In Poland I can spend my time any way I like | 0.506 | 0.875 | 0.388 | 0.623 |
| S13 | Poland is a country where you can travel safely | 0.542 | 0.873 | 0.270 | 0.637 |
| S14 | There are many important European cultural locations in Poland | 0.562 | 0.873 | 0.244 | 0.639 |
| S15 | Time spent in Poland is more interesting than in many other popular places abroad | 0.558 | 0.873 | 0.210 | 0.645 |
| S16 | Poland is one of the countries that I would like to get to know better | 0.471 | 0.878 | 0.319 | 0.628 |
Results of the null hypotheses verification in reference to Russians and Ukrainians
| Statement | Russians | Ukrainians |
|---|---|---|
| level of significance − 0.05; m = 3, cv = 1.96 | ||
| Empirical value of t-test | ||
| S1 | 10.85 | 6.93 |
| S2 | 8.71 | 6.06 |
| S3 | 7.26 | 10.10 |
| S4 | 9.70 | 11.16 |
| S5 | 6.46 | 9.42 |
| S7 | 22.92 | 25.17 |
| S8 | 14.38 | 14.77 |
| S9 | 11.37 | 14.02 |
| S10 | 17.20 | 14.68 |
| S11 | 14.94 | 18.19 |
| S12 | 22.04 | 20.29 |
| S13 | 12.28 | 21.46 |
| S14 | 18.82 | 14.00 |
| S15 | 0.36 | 1.72 |
| S16 | 14.05 | 11.02 |
Summary comparing the variation of Russian and Ukrainian answers
| Do you agree with the following statements (data in %) | measures | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| category | strongly disagree | somewhat disagree | neither agree nor disagree | somewhat agree | strongly agree | mean | standard deviation |
| S1. Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for Russians/Ukrainians | |||||||
| Russians | 2.9 | 4.9 | 41.7 | 32.4 | 18.1 | 3.58 | 0.94 |
| Ukrainians | 7.3 | 11.4 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 20.6 | 3.45 | 1.15 |
| S2. Poland is an attractive country in terms of tourism for tourists from other countries | |||||||
| Russians | 2.3 | 11.3 | 40.1 | 27.2 | 19.1 | 3.50 | 1.00 |
| Ukrainians | 1.3 | 22.8 | 28.8 | 34.8 | 12.3 | 3.34 | 1.00 |
| S3. Poland is a country with modern tourist attractions | |||||||
| Russians | 1.9 | 16.2 | 34.0 | 36.2 | 11.7 | 3.39 | 0.96 |
| Ukrainians | 0.9 | 12.0 | 38.6 | 26.6 | 21.8 | 3.56 | 0.99 |
| S4. Poland offers a high standard of tourist services | |||||||
| Russians | 0.6 | 9.1 | 45.0 | 34.6 | 10.7 | 3.46 | 0.83 |
| Ukrainians | 3.8 | 6.6 | 32.6 | 37.0 | 19.9 | 3.63 | 1.00 |
| S5. Poland offers favourable prices for tourist services | |||||||
| Russians | 4.5 | 9.4 | 43.4 | 32.0 | 10.7 | 3.35 | 0.95 |
| Ukrainians | 3.5 | 9.5 | 37.0 | 28.5 | 21.5 | 3.55 | 1.04 |
| S7. There are beautiful landscapes in Poland | |||||||
| Russians | 0.0 | 4.5 | 19.1 | 32.4 | 44.0 | 4.16 | 0.89 |
| Ukrainians | 0.3 | 1.9 | 18.7 | 41.8 | 37.3 | 4.14 | 0.80 |
| S8. Poland is a country in which it is easy to travel | |||||||
| Russians | 1.6 | 4.9 | 33.7 | 35.6 | 24.3 | 3.76 | 0.93 |
| Ukrainians | 0.9 | 3.5 | 39.9 | 31.6 | 24.1 | 3.74 | 0.89 |
| S9. There is very good tourist infrastructure in Poland | |||||||
| Russians | 1.0 | 8.7 | 36.9 | 40.5 | 12.9 | 3.56 | 0.86 |
| Ukrainians | 0.3 | 8.9 | 29.1 | 48.4 | 13.3 | 3.66 | 0.83 |
| S10. In Poland, it is easy to find information on what to visit and where to go | |||||||
| Russians | 0.0 | 4.5 | 31.7 | 43.0 | 20.7 | 3.80 | 0.82 |
| Ukrainians | 1.6 | 2.8 | 38.3 | 34.8 | 22.5 | 3.74 | 0.89 |
| S11. There are many cultural events in Poland | |||||||
| Russians | 1.0 | 7.4 | 27.8 | 38.5 | 25.2 | 3.80 | 0.94 |
| Ukrainians | 0.3 | 4.4 | 27.5 | 47.5 | 20.3 | 3.83 | 0.81 |
| S12. In Poland I can spend my time any way I like | |||||||
| Russians | 0.0 | 3.6 | 22.0 | 39.8 | 34.6 | 4.06 | 0.84 |
| Ukrainians | 0.6 | 3.2 | 23.1 | 53.2 | 19.9 | 3.89 | 0.78 |
| S13. Poland is a country where you can travel safely | |||||||
| Russians | 1.3 | 10.4 | 28.8 | 39.5 | 20.1 | 3.67 | 0.95 |
| Ukrainians | 0.0 | 2.5 | 25.9 | 57.9 | 13.6 | 3.83 | 0.68 |
| S14. There are many important European cultural locations in Poland | |||||||
| Russians | 0.6 | 4.2 | 24.6 | 43.7 | 26.9 | 3.92 | 0.86 |
| Ukrainians | 0.3 | 7.6 | 35.4 | 31.6 | 25.0 | 3.73 | 0.93 |
| S15. Time spent in Poland is more interesting than in many other popular places abroad | |||||||
| Russians | 8.7 | 24.9 | 31.7 | 24.6 | 10.0 | 3.02 | 1.12 |
| Ukrainians | 5.7 | 20.6 | 44.0 | 17.4 | 12.3 | 3.10 | 1.05 |
| S16. Poland is one of the countries that I would like to get to know better | |||||||
| Russians | 7.4 | 6.8 | 13.3 | 23.0 | 49.5 | 4.00 | 1.25 |
| Ukrainians | 3.5 | 10.8 | 26.3 | 35.1 | 24.4 | 3.66 | 1.07 |