Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Parallel regional convergence in Poland before and after EU accession Cover

Parallel regional convergence in Poland before and after EU accession

Miscellanea Geographica
Volume 25 (2021): Issue 2 (April 2021)
By:   
Open Access
|Apr 2021
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Sample plot of coefficients of variation for five artificial measurements with an identical mean slope

Source: own elaboration

Table 1

Values of MADiS and MADiSS together with 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals for five artificial measurements with an identical mean slope

statisticMADiSMADiSS
group23452345
10.82 (0.50, 1.35)1.40 (0.70, 2.89)0.90 (0.51, 1,66)0.43 (0.13, 0,96)0.50 (0.05, 1.08)0.92 (0.58, 1.00)0.92 (0.56, 1.00)0.17 (0.00, 0.81)
20.99 (0.54, 2.69)0.99 (0.54, 2.60)0.76 (0.50, 1,09)0.92 (0.54, 1.00)0.92 (0.45, 1.00)0.67 (0.15, 1.23)
31.07 (0.00, 3.03)1.13 (0.67, 2.19)0.17 (0.00, 0.45)0.92 (0.54, 1.00)
41.26 (0.72, 2.81)0.92 (0.50, 1.00)

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 2

The impact on EU funds on external convergence of Polish regions to EU28 average in the period 2004–2018

voivodeshipCumulative value of EU funds disbursedconvergence to EU28 average GDP
mln PLNper capita (PLN)share of GDPtotal in p.p.share resulting from Cohesion Policy
Dolnośląskie33085,0114041,6%26,012,3%
Kujawsko-pomorskie18391,088521,7%12,222,0%
Lubelskie23889,2112862,5%12,425,0%
Lubuskie11253,0110922,1%13,024,0%
Łódzkie28974,5117482,0%18,917,0%
Małopolskie30494,389671,6%19,014,0%
Mazowieckie68836,7127391,3%35,610,0%
Opolskie9579,797111,8%12,520,0%
Podkarpackie28306,3132952,9%12,031,0%
Podlaskie14025,7118712,5%12,927,0%
Pomorskie27822,7119232,0%17,918,0%
Śląskie40477,489281,3%16,014,0%
Świętokrzyskie13614,9109662,3%9,729,0%
Warmińsko-mazurskie22942,2160553,4%11,045,0%
Wielkopolskie29823,885361,3%22,211,5%
Zachodniopomorskie19697,5115802,1%12,725,0%
Poland421213,9109661,7%20,915,0%

[i] Source: Ministry of Development Funds and Regional Policy (2019)

Figure 2

Maps of relative GDP per capita in 1990, 2003 and 2017

Source: own calculations based on data from CSO and ERD

Table 3

Relative GDP per capita of Polish NUTS 2 regions in 1990–2017

region1990199319961999200320062009201220152017
Dolnośląskie97,398,9100,3102,4102,1107,4109,2113,6111,6110,5
Kujawsko-Pomorskie105,6100,594,990,888,986,683,981,281,580,9
Lubelskie77,475,673,471,672,269,069,069,968,369,0
Lubuskie93,692,891,292,086,690,085,683,083,582,6
Łódzkie89,290,291,089,892,692,191,692,492,793,0
Małopolskie95,793,090,589,889,790,288,988,590,391,3
Mazowieckie131,2137,9144,4147,8151,6154,7155,7158,6158,5160,5
Opolskie85,785,384,885,679,481,682,283,383,479,3
Podkarpackie77,976,073,973,374,571,570,770,571,369,7
Podlaskie72,172,472,273,275,372,773,672,471,971,6
Pomorskie90,993,495,699,499,598,998,698,096,296,6
Śląskie113,5111,5111,5108,9108,2106,0106,2105,8103,9103,6
Świętokrzyskie56,463,269,676,379,877,979,174,672,371,4
Warmińsko-Mazurskie84,183,782,679,976,874,773,771,971,370,1
Wielkopolskie113,3110,0106,8106,1105,7106,6107,9105,4108,3109,1
Zachodniopomorskie113,3108,6103,599,892,490,187,584,185,283,3

[i] Source: own calculation based on ERD data

Figure 3

Average annual change in relative GDP per capita in 1990–2017, 1990–2003 and 2004–17

Source: own calculations based on data from CSO and ERD

Figure 4

Coefficient of variation of relative GDP per capita in Polish regions in 1990–2017

Source: own calculation based on data from CSO and ERD

Figure 5

Coefficient of variation of relative GDP per capita in Polish regions – direct comparison of 14-year, pre-and post-accession periods

Table 4

Results (p-value) of the test of the equality of slopes of the trends of regional inequality measure before and after Poland's EU accession

test and datanumber of years before and after 2004
5678910111213
t-test, CSO0,770,870,980,750,910,780,660,630,53
t-test, ESD0,500,480,510,140,490,500,420,360,24
Wilcoxon test, CSO1,001,000,940,951,000,850,901,001,00
Wilcoxon test, ERD0,810,560,300,150,650,490,460,300,22

[i] Source: own calculations based on CSO and ERD

Table 5

Results of the tests for MADiS and MADiSS

test and datanumber of years before and after 2004
5678910111213
MADiS, CSO0.78*1.07*1.05*1.24*1.22*0.91*0.96*1.35*1.66*
MADiS, ESD0.81*1.06*0.82*0.44*0.63*0.69*0.56*0.63*0.63*
MADiSS, CSO0,40,330,861.25*1.56*1.00*0,550.67*1.38*
MADiSS, ERD0,81.33*0,570,51.11*0,60.91*1.00*0.77*

[i] Source: own calculation based on CSO and ERD

[ii] Note: * means rejection of the null hypothesis that MADiS = 0 or MADiSS = 0 with 95% confidence.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0050 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046 (formerly 2084-6118)
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 83 - 92
Submitted on: Mar 10, 2020
Accepted on: Jan 4, 2021
Published on: Apr 7, 2021
Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Regional convergence,
EU accession,
parallel convergence,
sigma,
Poland
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other

© 2021 Piotr Wójcik, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 2 (April 2021)
Next article