Figure 1
![The average annual air temperature [°C] in Radawiec in 1976–2010Source: author’s elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6472471d215d2f6c89dc2b43/j_mgrsd-2020-0025_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKDCEHDMCG%2F20260310%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260310T045644Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIGJHG9T8HeODr8kqtLgiqkqVgQqfev%2Bw05AefsHLlGRXAiAoFA2o10XP087TKhEqOTES%2BoHkeMh%2B73qEtJfK4MiRxSq8BQg4EAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMH%2FNF4j8QtHQw7vmTKpkFX%2FEIeBpjt8YZhtGStpbQ4TXiVkfLsnIM3%2Bzb4igtaUlBYZkIfxCNXjRHQnWAy8hPwceJZG5qyXoPAxZ%2BNWfs7tycUa%2BvewfLnxJC8HivtuQs58l4LgLC8oO9NRPm0FYtZqft4AF8JFa%2FXVZ3w1YYNtIyFAHtl1PsQ2n2EzHvyLUQw5ev0W5CygXOverzeeLPeoB8VNhpJk0z1wUBtcad2RnOfOzXsaoGf3kg4dCZOxCWjo0IEALgZXYO9Fc2WHG5Jjghizj3lnjWk4WKwjoWit0stWQU7Cydw%2BV7Ns%2BqE%2Bb%2FVK6IALLyzuPBnpUqbCGllRBMsLV1Xip2YUmLA%2FsbOnQxbVY%2BZGuNrdLvSWliNHBiKW9UEIlR4vyknE9QD9zlKuz5cFkOBsF4BflPSPGZGqdHTPHzMmdB%2BbecZ9arK%2Fs%2FViF7s48L%2BVqT6VKdPNxLPF9WGY%2BwN1FS8NC9NDwSDfGG%2Blr6zos4gIb3IhQCHuZJlbALNnDz4JDEf9HDoumnJPp4Rm287c5eAr7njrh3rRpouq0074lltOU5duCekwyCTshbwOE2mWTm7YxYfKcy8xj%2B%2BwYpDwsC%2FprU%2F0ieWqePa6%2B59rfXafMKeY6u6gu8zzQH%2FuKD86uxXAVtb5fGamZPMR1guQireUEBzT7s2UNyy3SgbGdfOftETgTFsaiEky1zLmzs5tg5%2FO53j4irPg07vLDwJHBohAus8tSId89zsu1qKOG1FnAYwpiubBNaZPM7DBPliiaJRJQQizExj535xmYxhhBd%2FsLRb6N5zBRdkYv30Lpc%2FSNjR935hsgdtS%2FSJxQG%2FdQMsArvDzxV2DmiRSUFHH68OxnHOwPN25TY2cwU3jtIWPqsQ9hW2v4pmGuKPpe6zMYwqZ%2B9zQY6sgHK69SQp8GoJ7fIAqideRIXPRMB2SHVng0Q55vKDh0tKUxVrSIthe4xSyr7Op8IBt%2BGrlXFaQN%2B2IEJ%2Bs10D%2FHibW%2BODZfrA2jyjkfFQ9etkB63OIZLL0Fe6W4A6RdINdwFDnSkpQExzkPyS8QUejuR2sLOxSSeQDOILQGwBx5KYymd%2F1WIFUnLsatDVii9ARd1dPTo%2BTWpiixZcD2eUOWliVm8XAuwoB0%2FmHbMh%2FDplZYw&X-Amz-Signature=00eae4adefc18e254ab05e3bc6efabc86c04da24bec9a08da042bbac678d8a4c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
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Mean monthly air temperature values at 12 UTC in Lublin and Radawiec (1976−2015)
| Name of station | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | Annual mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lublin | −1.2 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 12.0 | 17.8 | 20.5 | 22.5 | 22.3 | 17.1 | 11.7 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 11.1 |
| Radawiec | −1.7 | −0.4 | 4.7 | 11.4 | 17.1 | 19.8 | 21.9 | 21.8 | 16.7 | 11.3 | 4.6 | −0.2 | 10.6 |
Scale of assessment of thermal stress of the organism according to the UTCI index
| UTCI [°C] | Thermal stress | Prevention |
|---|---|---|
| > +46 | Extreme heat stress (EHS) | Necessary periodical cooling of the organism, necessary supplementation of liquids > 0.5 l/h; avoid intensive physical activity. |
| +38 – +46 | Very strong heat stress (VSHS) | Necessary periodical use of air-conditioned rooms or shaded areas; necessary supplementation of liquids > 0.5 l/h; limit physical activity |
| +32 – +38 | Strong heat stress (SHS) | Necessary supplementation of liquids 0.25 l/h; recommended use of shaded areas, and periodical limiting of physical activity |
| +26 +32 – | Moderate heat stress (MHS) | Necessary supplementation of liquids 0.25 l/h |
| ++9 26 – | Thermoneutral zone (TZ) | Physiological thermoregulation processes are sufficient to maintain thermal comfort |
| 0 – +9 | Slight cold stress (SlCS) | Recommended use of gloves and a hat |
| −13 – 0 | Moderate cold stress (MCS) | Intensify physical activity and protect extremities and face from cold |
| −27 – −13 | Strong cold stress (SCS) | Intensify physical activity and protect extremities and face from cold; recommended increase in the thermo-isolation properties of clothing |
| −40 – −27 | Very strong cold stress (VSCS) | Intensify physical activity and protect extremities and face from cold; necessary increase in the thermo-isolation properties of clothing, and limited time spent outdoors |
| < −40 | Extreme cold stress (ECS) | Limit time spent outdoors to the necessary minimum; necessary increase in the thermo-isolation and wind-proof properties of clothing |
Annual occurrence of particular UTCI classes (in %) in Lublin and Radawiec in the period 1974–2015
| Station | Extreme cold stress (ECS) | Very strong cold stress (VSCS) | Strong cold stress (SCS) | Moderate cold stress (MCS) | Slight cold stress (SlCS) | Thermoneutral zone (TZ) | Moderate heat stress (MHS) | Strong heat stress (SHS) | Strong heat stress (SHS) | Extreme heat stress (EHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lublin | 0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 23.1 | 18.4 | 41.6 | 8.7 | 2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Radawiec | 0 | 0.5 | 7.6 | 22.1 | 17.7 | 38.8 | 10.6 | 2.6 | 0.1 | - |