Table 1
Sample characteristics
| Lodz | Turin | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 1059 | 1042 |
| Students by Higher Education Institution (HEI)* | 54.4% UŁ (university) 24.4% PŁ (technical university) 16.2% UM (medical university) 1.9% ASP (art school) 1.7% AM (music school) 1.4% PWSFTviT (film school) | 61.1% UT (university) 37.5% PT (technical university) 1.5% AA (music school) |
| Students by level of education* | 55.644.4% undergraduate % graduate | 66.933.1% undergraduate % graduate |
| Students by domicile Local – students living in the city before entering HEI Non-local – students not living in the city before entering HEI | 33.8% local 66.2% non-local | 24.0% local 76.0% non-local |
| Students by residence Residents – students living in the city permanently or temporarily Commuters – students commuting to the city | 76.8% residents 23.2% commuters | 72.9% residents 27.1% commuters |
Figure 1
Ulica Piotrkowska in Lodz
Source: Jakub Zasina (2017).
Table 2
Frequency of students’ leisure activities
| Lodz | Turin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | n | Frequency | n | Frequency | ||||||
| Regularly | Less often (occasionally) or not at all % | Regularly | Less often (occasionally) or not at all % | |||||||
| At least once per week % | At least once every two weeks % | At least once per month % | At least once per week % | At least once every two weeks % | At least once per month % | |||||
| Visiting music & night clubs | 1059 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 22.8 | 62.1 | 1028 | 5.6 | 14.0 | 22.1 | 58.3 |
| Visiting pubs and cafés | 1059 | 17.8 | 20.9 | 37.2 | 24.1 | 1030 | 37.5 | 24.4 | 21.4 | 16.7 |
| Visiting cultural venues | 1058 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 39.2 | 42.6 | 1032 | 6.8 | 18.9 | 39.4 | 34.9 |
| Visiting sports venues | 1059 | 26.3 | 9.4 | 16.4 | 47.9 | 1029 | 35.5 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 51.8 |
| Doing non-daily shopping (e.g. clothing, electronics) | 1059 | 32.4 | 19.0 | 33.8 | 14.8 | 1029 | 4.2 | 15.0 | 42.0 | 38.8 |
| Meeting friends at home* (as a guest or a host) | 1059 | 41.7 | 26.6 | 20.9 | 10.8 | 1029 | 43.7 | 22.9 | 19.0 | 14.4 |
Figure 2
Via Roma in Turin
Source: Jakub Zasina (2017).
Table 3
Expenditure on students’ leisure activities
| Lodz | Turin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | n | Expenditure | n | Expenditure | ||
| Mean [EUR**] | Median [EUR**] | Mean [EUR] | Median [EUR] | |||
| Visiting music & night clubs | 399 | 16.87 | 11.90 | 416 | 19.89 | 18.75 |
| Visiting pubs and cafés | 801 | 14.85 | 11.90 | 834 | 23.33 | 20.00 |
| Visiting cultural venues | 605 | 9.98 | 7.14 | 654 | 12.97 | 10.00 |
| Visiting sports venues | 549 | 14.21 | 11.90 | 480 | 28.58 | 24.00 |
| Doing (e.g. clothing, non-daily electronics) shopping | 898 | 40.35 | 23.80 | 602 | 41.92 | 30.00 |
| Meeting (as a friends guest or at host) home* | 940 | 12.95 | 9.95 | 810 | 9.76 | 0.00 |
Table 4
Geography of students’ leisure activities
| Lodz | Turin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | n | Geography | n | Geography | ||||||
| City centre* % | HEI area*** % | Neighbourhood**** % | Another area % | City centre** % | HEI area*** % | Neighbourhood**** % | Another area % | |||
| Visiting music clubs & night | 397 | 71.3 | 7.6 | 14.6 | 6.5 | 406 | 53.9 | 8.9 | 13.1 | 24.1 |
| Visiting pubs and cafés | 777 | 68.5 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 5.5 | 791 | 45.5 | 13.8 | 23.3 | 17.4 |
| Visiting cultural venues | 603 | 59.4 | 8.8 | 12.9 | 18.9 | 636 | 63.7 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 19.5 |
| Visiting sports venues | 503 | 23.3 | 12.9 | 40.8 | 23.0 | 444 | 4.7 | 12.4 | 48.0 | 34.9 |
| Doing non-daily shopping (e.g. clothing, electronics) | 852 | 38.7 | 8.2 | 38.5 | 14.6 | 582 | 54.3 | 5.5 | 14.4 | 25.8 |
Table 5
Common and distinctive patterns of students’ leisure consumption
| Lodz distinctive patterns | Lodz and Turin common patterns | Turin distinctive patterns |
|---|---|---|
| • Meeting friends at home is the most frequent leisure activity. | ||
| • Mean expenditure on meeting friends at home is lower than mean expenditure on other, out-of-home types of leisure activities. | ||
| • Visiting music & night clubs is the least | ||
| • Doing non-daily shopping (e.g. | frequent leisure activity. | • Visiting pubs and cafés is a very |
| for clothing, electronics) is a very | • Sports venues are visited very | common leisure activity. |
| common leisure activity. | frequently or not at all. | • Visiting cultural venues is dominated |
| • Visiting cultural venues is limited to watching films in multiplexes. | • City centres serve as places for entertainment in pubs and cafés, cultural venues and music & night clubs, and for shopping. | by watching films in cinemas, but also includes seeing museum exhibitions. |
| • Students visit sports venues in the neighbourhoods they inhabit. | ||
| • Areas next to HEI facilities do not attract many students for leisure activities. |