
Figure 1
Study prefecture locations.
Source: author’s own illustration.

Figure 2
The production values of medicine in 1919 organized by prefecture.
Source: Secretariat statistics division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (author’s own illustration)

Figure 3
The distribution of telegraph stations in 1901 Japan.
Source: Naikakufu Tokeikyoku 1902, Statistical Yearbook of the Empire of Japan, 21st. (author’s own illustration).

Figure 4
Advertisement for Kabei Hatae.
Source: Goto (1904a) with explanations added by the author.

Figure 5
A page from The Telegraph Codebook of Pharmacies in Japan.
Source: The Telegraph Codebook of Pharmacies in Japan, p127 (Fukuoka prefectural library), with explanations added by the author

Figure 6
Locational distribution of pharmacies belonging to the Pharmaceutical Telegraph Communication Alliance (author’s own illustration)

Figure 7
The distribution of big private enterprises’ head offices in 1907 Japan
Source: Abe (1984: 44–48), (author’s own illustration)