Table 1
Highest numbers of national and ethnic minorities in Poland (2011).
| nationality | 1st declared nationality | 2nd declared nationality | Total | Total co-declared with Polish nationality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | As sole identity | ||||
| Silesian | 435,750 | 375,635 | 410,969 | 846,719 | 430,798 |
| Kashubian | 17,746 | 16,377 | 214,801 | 232,547 | 215,784 |
| German | 74,464 | 44,549 | 73,350 | 147,814 | 63,847 |
| Ukrainian | 38,387 | 27,630 | 12,613 | 51,001 | 20,797 |
| Belarusian | 36,399 | 30,195 | 10,388 | 46,787 | 15,562 |
| Roma | 12,560 | 9,899 | 4,489 | 17,049 | 7,036 |
| Russian | 8,203 | 5,176 | 4,842 | 13,046 | 7,119 |
| American | 1,239 | 813 | 10,600 | 11,838 | 10,811 |
| Lemko | 7,086 | 5,612 | 3,445 | 10,531 | 3,621 |
| English | 1,560 | 1,193 | 8,935 | 10,495 | 9,132 |
[i] Source: Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 [The ethno-national, linguistic and religious structure of the Polish population. Polish Census of 2011], GUS 2015.
Fig. 1
A The percentage distribution of people declaring Silesian nationality according to the National Census of Population and Housing 2011; B– Opole and Silesian Voivodeships (in red). Source: based on http://slonzoki.org/ [16.08.2018], modified
Fig. 2
Study area. Own elaboration
Fig. 3
Nationality declared by respondents: A - by typology (total, urban/rural area); B- by studied municipality. Own elaboration
Table 2
Languages spoken at home in Poland (excluding Polish) (2011)
| Language spoken Total at home | Total | Number of people using: | |
|---|---|---|---|
| only one language | more than one language | ||
| Silesian | 529,377 | 126,509 | 402,868 |
| Kashubian | 108,140 | 3,802 | 104,338 |
| English | 103,541 | 4,128 | 99,414 |
| German | 96,461 | 9,738 | 86,723 |
| Belarusian | 26,448 | 3,950 | 22,498 |
| Ukrainian | 24,539 | 4,510 | 20,029 |
| Russian | 19,805 | 1,136 | 18,669 |
| Romani | 14,468 | 2,309 | 12,159 |
| French | 10,677 | 640 | 10,037 |
| Italian | 10,295 | 812 | 9,483 |
[i] Source: Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 [ The ethno-national, linguistic and religious structure of the Polish population. Polish Census of 2011 ], GUS 2015.
Fig. 4
Use of Silesian in everyday life by respondents: A - by typology (total, urban/rural area); B- by studied municipalities. Own elaboration
Fig. 5
Opinion of respondents on Silesian ethnolect in schools, bilingual town signs, status of Silesian and autonomy of Upper Silesia. Own elaboration
Fig. 6
Relations between Silesians and Germans, and between Silesians and Poles. Own elaboration