Figure 1
Study area – city of Toruń (source: own elaboration)
Figure 2
Comparison of the spatial efficiency of hexagonal (A) vs. square grids (B) (source: own elaboration)
Figure 3
Comparison of sample test routes calculated using various routing services (source: own elaboration)
Figure 4
Accessibility analysis model (source: own elaboration)
Figure 5
Distance from Origins to their nearest road segment (source: own elaboration)
Figure 6
Prototype interface of the proposed web-based SDSS (source: own elaboration)
Figure 7
Spatial accessibility to cinemas and theatres (residential areas) (source: own elaboration)
Figure 8
Spatial accessibility to churches (residential areas) (source: own elaboration)
Figure 9
Tennis court service areas (source: own elaboration)
Table 1
Accessibility to public amenities in Toruń by POI categories
| Average minimum travel time (minutes) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | POI count | Whole city area | Residential areas | ||||
| Max | Avg. | Rank | Max | Avg. | Rank | ||
| Green areas | 1156 | 26.5 | 2.9 | 1 | 8.7 | 2.2 | 2 |
| Public transport | 493 | 28.3 | 4.5 | 2 | 11.2 | 1.6 | 1 |
| Healthcare | 35 | 29.6 | 7.1 | 3 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 6 |
| Supermarkets | 69 | 29.9 | 7.2 | 4 | 14.6 | 3.3 | 3 |
| Sports fields | 82 | 29.9 | 7.2 | 5 | 14.8 | 3.4 | 4 |
| Preschools | 36 | 32.1 | 7.4 | 6 | 16.4 | 3.5 | 5 |
| Primary schools | 24 | 33.1 | 7.5 | 7 | 14.5 | 3.8 | 7 |
| Churches | 22 | 29.8 | 7.9 | 8 | 14.9 | 3.9 | 8 |
| Secondary schools | 21 | 33.1 | 8.2 | 9 | 14.5 | 4.4 | 9 |
| Swimming pools | 12 | 36.0 | 9.7 | 10 | 16.5 | 5.6 | 10 |
| Shopping centres | 5 | 37.0 | 9.9 | 11 | 18.9 | 6.5 | 12 |
| High schools | 12 | 37.2 | 10.0 | 12 | 19.8 | 6.1 | 11 |
| Museums | 12 | 36.3 | 10.4 | 13 | 20.7 | 6.6 | 13 |
| Tennis courts | 4 | 41.1 | 10.4 | 14 | 19.2 | 6.9 | 14 |
| Cinemas and theatres | 6 | 36.4 | 12.1 | 15 | 20.8 | 8.8 | 15 |
| City centre | 1 | 37.0 | 13.5 | 16 | 21.5 | 9.8 | 16 |
[i] (source: own elaboration based on OpenStreetMap data)
Figure 10
Number of preschools available within a 5 min. drive (source: own elaboration)
Figure 11
Number of POI categories available within a 5 min. drive (source: own elaboration)