From regression to success: The phenomenon of reactivation of passenger rail transport in Lower Silesia province (Poland)
References
- Avenali, A., Catalano, G., Gregori, M., & Matteuci, G. (2020). Rail versus bus local public transport services: A social cost comparison methodology. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100200
- Babalik-Sutcliffe, E. (2002). Urban rail systems: Analysis of the factors behind success. Transport Reviews, 22(4), 415–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640210124875
- Banister, D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, 15(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005
- Becker, C., & George, B. P. (2011). Rapid rail transit and tourism development in the United States. Tourism Geographies, 13(3), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.570779
- Ben-Akiva, M., & Morikawa, T. (2002). Comparing ridership attraction of rail and bus. Transport Policy, 9(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(02)00009-4
- Boisjoly, G., Grisé, E., Maguire, M., Veillette, M., Deboosere, R., Berrebi, E., & El-Geneidy, A. (2018). Invest in the ride: A 14 year longitudinal analysis of the determinants of public transport ridership in 25 North American cities. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 116, 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.07.005
- Börjesson, M., Fung, C. M., & Proost, S. (2020). How rural is too rural for transit? Optimal transit subsidies and supply in rural areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102859
- Boruta, T., & Ivan, I. (2010). Public transport in rural area of the Czech Republic – Case study of Jeseník region. Moravian Geographical Reports, 18(2), 2–15.
- Cascetta, E., Carten, A., Pagliara, F., & Montanino, M. (2015). A new look at planning and designing transport systems: A decision-making model based on cognitive rationality, stakeholder engagement and quantitative methods. Transport Policy, 38, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.11.005
- Chakour, V., & Eluru, N. (2016). Examining the influence of stop level infrastructure and built environment on bus ridership in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, 51, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.01.007
- Chlumecky, J., Fronek, J., & Vymetal, D. (2021). Regional Railway Transport Between Regions in the Czech Republic. Transport Research Procedia, 53, 132–137.
- Chowdhury, S., & Ceder, S. (2016). Users' willingness to ride an integrated public-transport service: A literature review. Transport Policy, 48, 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.03.007
- Ciechañski, A. (2014). Rozwój i regres sieci kolei przemysłowych w Polsce w latach 1881–2010. Prace Geograficzne, 243. IGiPZ PAN, Warszawa.
- Derrible, S., & Kennedy, C. (2009). A network analysis of subway systems in the world using updated graph theory. Transportation Research Record: Journal of Transportation Research Board, 2112, 17–25.
- Derrible, S., & Kennedy, C. (2010). Characterizing metro networks: state, form and structure. Transportation, 27, 275–297.
- Domañski, R. (1963). Zespoły sieci komunikacyjnych. Prace Geograficzne, 41.
- Fröidh, O., & Nelldal, B.-L. (2015). The impact of market opening on the supply of interregional train services. Journal of Transport Geography, 46, 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.017
- Goetz, A. R. (2006). Transport Geography: Reflecting on a subdiscipline and identifying future research trajectories: The insularity issue in Transport Geography. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(3), 230–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.02.006
- Hoyle, B. S., & Knowles, R. D. (1992). Modern transport geography. Belhaven Press.
- Hrelja, R., Khan, J., & Petterson, F. 2020). How to create efficient public transport systems? A systematic review of critical problems and approaches for addressing the problems. Transport Policy, 98, 186–196.
- Jaroš, V. (2017). Social and transport exclusion. Geographia Polonica, 90(3), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0099
- Jurkowski, W., & Smolarski, M. (2021). The influence of transport offer on passenger traffic in the railway transport system in a post-socialist country: case study of Poland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 53, 33–42.
- Klapka, P., Kraft, S., & Halas, M. (2020). Network based definition of functional regions: A graph theory approach for spatial distribution of traffic flows. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102855
- Knowles, R., & Hall, D. (1992). Transport policy and control. In B. Hoyle & R. Knowles (Eds.), Modern Transport Geography (pp. 33–50). Belhaven Press.
- Knowles, R., Shaw, J., & Docherty, I. (Eds.) (2007). Transport geographies: Mobilities, flows and spaces. John Wiley & Sons.
- Kołoś, A., Król, M., & Taczanowski, J. (2017). Regionalizacja jako czynnik zmian w ofercie przewozowej kolei w Polsce na przykładzie czterech województw. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 20(4), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859XPKG.17.021.8027
- Komornicki, T., & Goliszek, S. (2023). New transport infrastructure and regional development of Central and Eastern Europe. Sustainability, 15(6), 5263. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065263
- Komornicki, T., & Stępniak, M. (2015). New investment projects in the road corridors and the improvement of the potential accessibility in Poland. Europa XXI, 28, 33–52.
- Komusiñski, S. (2010). Przekształcenia przestrzenne sieci pasażerskiego transportu kolejowego w Polsce w latach 1988–2008 (praca doktorska). Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ, Kraków.
- Koopmans, C., Rietveld, P., & Hujig, A. (2012). An accessibility approach to railways and municipal population growth 1840–1930. Journal of Transport Geography, 25, 98–104.
- Kowalczyk, K. (2019). Pasażerski transport kolejowy na obszarach aglomeracyjnych w Polsce a rozwiązania multimodalne w codziennych dojazdach do pracy. Wydawnictwo UMCS.
- Kraft, S., Halas, M., Klapka, P., & Blažek, V. (2022). Functional regions as a platform to define integrated transport system zones: The use of population flows data. Applied Geography, 144, 102732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102732
- Kraft, S., & Marada, M. (2017). Delimitation of functional transport regions: Understanding the transport flows patterns at the micro-regional level. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 99(1), 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2017.1291741
- Król, M., & Taczanowski, J. (2016). So close, so different – regional rail transport in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, 9(14), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.YARS.2016.9.14.7
- Kruszyna, M. (2018). Koleje miejskie i regionalne w Polsce. Dom Wydawniczy Księży Młyn.
- Kulmer, V., Koland, O., Steininger, K. W., Fürst, B., & Käfer, A. (2014). The interaction of spatial planning and transport policy: A regional perspective on sprawl. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 7(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v7i1.374
- Lierop, V. D., Badami, M., & El-Geneidy, A. M. (2018). What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature. Transport Review, 38(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1298683
- Lijewski, T., & Koziarski, S. (1995). Rozwój sieci kolejowej w Polsce. Kolejowa Oficyna Wydawnicza.
- Lin, J., & Ban, Y. (2013). Complex network topology of transportations systems. Transport Reviews, 33(6), 658–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2013.848955
- Linneker, B., & Spencer, N. (1996). Road transport infrastructure and regional economic development: The regional development effects of the M25 London orbital motorway. Journal of Transport Geography 4(2), 77–92.
- Lucas, K. (2012). Transport and social exclusion: Where are we now? Transport Policy, 20, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.01.013
- Lucas, K. (2019). A new evolution for transport-related social exclusion research? Journal of Transport Geography, 81, 102529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102529
- Mackett, R., & Babalik-Sutcliffe, E. (2003). New urban rail systems: a policy-based technique to make them more successful. Journal of Transport Geography, 11(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6923(03)00003-6
- Małysz, M., & Tomczak, P. (2020). Kolej pasażerska we Wrocławiu i na Dolnym Śląsku – problemy i wyzwania. Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego, 50. Uniwersytet Wrocławski.
- Michniak, D. (2006). Accessibility of the railway network in Slovakia. Europa XXI, 15, 51–61.
- Michniak, D. (2018). Changes, problems and challenges of passenger railway transport in Slovakia. Geografický časopis, 70(3), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2018.70.3.12
- Pan, H., Li, J., Shen, Q., & Shi, C. (2017). What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning. Transport Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.016
- Petersen, T. (2016). Watching the Swiss: A network approach to rural and exurban public transport. Transport Policy, 52, 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.07.012
- Połom, M., Tarkowski, M., & Puzdrakiewicz, K. (2018). Urban transformation in the context of rail transport development: The case of a newly built railway line in Gdañsk (Poland). Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1218041. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1218041
- Radtke, J., & Kanzler, W. (2025). Navigating the future of transport infrastructure and governance. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 15, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-025-00541-z
- Railway Atlas of Central Europe (2025) (Atlas Kolejowy, online). https://www.atlaskolejowy.net/
- Rietveld, P., & Nijkamp, P. (1992). Transport and regional development. Serie Research Memoranda; No. 1992-50. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
- Rodrigue, J. P. (2024). The geography of transport systems. Routledge.
- Rosik, P., & Wójcik, J. (2023). Transport infrastructure and regional development: A survey of literature on wider economic and spatial impacts. Sustainability, 15(1), 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010548
- Russo, F., & Rindone, C. (2021). Regional transport plans: From direction role denied to common rules identified. Sustainability, 13(16), 9052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169052
- Scherer, M., & Dziekan, K. (2012). Bus or rail: An approach to explain the psychological rail factor. Journal of Public Transportation, 15(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.15.1.5
- Seidenglanz, D., Nigrin, T., & Dujka, J. (2015). Regional railway transport in Czech, Austrian and German decentralised and regionalised transport markets. Review of Economic Perspectives, 15(4), 431–450. https://doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2015-0029
- Shaw, J., & Docherty, I. (2014). Geography and transport. Routledge. Sieciowy Rozkład Jazdy Pociągów – selected yearbooks.
- Smolarski, M. (2021). Reaktywacje pasażerskich linii kolejowych w Polsce w latach 2000–2020. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 3(85), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.7366/1509499538504
- Smolarski, M. (2023). Funkcjonowanie regionalnego pasażerskiego transportu kolejowego w województwie dolnośląskim. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.
- Smolarski, M., Jurkowski, W., & Raczyk, A. (2019). Bus and train connections between towns in Lower Silesia under different operational models: Competition or complementarity? Moravian Geographical Reports, 27(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2019-0003.
- Šťastná, M., & Vaishar, A. (2017). The relationship between public transport and the progressive development of rural areas. Land Use Policy, 67, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.022
- Šťastná, M., Vaishar, A., & Stonawská, K. (2015). Integrated transport system of the South-Moravian Region and its impact on rural development. Transport Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 36, 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.012
- Stiasny, M. (2022). Mały atlas linii kolejowych Polski 2022. Wyd. Eurosprinter.
- Stiasny, M., & Stankiewicz, R. (2010). Mały Atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2011. Wyd. Eurosprinter.
- Sustainable and smart mobility strategy (2021). Putting European transport on track for the future. European Commission.
- Taczanowski, J. (2012). A comparative study of local railway networks in Poland and the Czech Republic. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 18, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10089-012-0025-1
- Taylor, B. D., & Fink, C. Y. (2003). The factors influencing transit ridership: A review and analysis of the ridership literature. University of California.
- Taylor, B. D., Miller, D., Iseki, H., & Fink, C. (2009). Nature and/or nurture? Analyzing the determinants of transit ridership across US urbanized areas. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 43(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.06.007
- Taylor, Z. (2004). Recent changes in Polish transport policy. Transport Reviews, 24(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/014416402200028817
- Taylor, Z. (2007). Rozwój i regres sieci kolejowej w Polsce. Monografie, 7. IGiPZ, PAN.
- Taylor, Z., & Ciechañski, A. (2017). Deregulacja i przekształcenia własnościowe przedsiębiorstw transportu lądowego w Polsce na tle polityki spójności UE. Prace Geograficzne, 257. IGiPZ PAN.
- Thevenin, T., Mimeur, C., Schwartz, R., & Sapet, L. (2016). Measuring one century of railway accessibility and population change in France. A historical GIS approach. Journal of Transport Geography, 56, 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.08.017
- Thomson, G. L., & Brown, J. R. (2006). Explaining variation in transit ridership in U.S. Metropolitan Areas between 1990 and 2000: Multivariate analysis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1986(1), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981061986001
- Tomeš, Z., Kvizda, M., Nigrin, T., & Seidenglanz, D. (2014). Competition in the railway passenger market in the Czech Republic. Research in Transport Economics, 48, 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.09.052.
- Topp, H. H. (1999). Innovations in train and light rail systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 213(3). https://doi.org/10.1243/0954409991531
- Transport Investment Plan (2023). Plan rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej [M.S3.1] w województwie dolnośląskim z perspektywą do 2030. Instytut Rozwoju Terytorialnego.
- Trembošová, M., & Kohutiar, S. (2022). The impact of public transport on regional development in the Trnava self-governing region. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 25(2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859XPKG.22.007.16265
- UTK (2024). Sprawozdanie z funkcjonowania rynku transportu kolejowego w 2023 r. Urząd Transportu [M.S4.1] Kolejowego.
- Zajfert, M. (2013). Kolejowe przewozy pasażerskie o charakterze użytku publicznego – doświadczenia ostatnich 20 lat transformacji kolei w Polsce. Studia ekonomiczne, 3, LLXXVIII.
- Zajfert, M. (2015). Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania pasażerskiego transportu regionalnego w Polsce. Gospodarka Narodowa, 280(6), 71–99.
- Zhang, Y., & Xu, D. (2022). The bus is arriving: Population growth and public transportation ridership in rural America. Journal of Rural Studies, 95, 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.09.018
Language: English
Page range: 75 - 87
Submitted on: Mar 15, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 29, 2026
Published on: Jun 30, 2026
Published by: Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Related subjects:
© 2026 Przemysław Tomczak, Mateusz Smolarski, Grzegorz Jóźwicki, published by Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.