Effects of Lyophilization on Diagnostic Potential of Brucella Antigens
References
- González-Barrientos, R., Her nández-Mora, G. (2023). Chapter 83-marine brucellosis. Fowler's Zoo Wild Anim Med Curr Ther. 10, 573-580. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-82852-9.00083-6
- Scholz, H.C., Heckers, K.O., Appelt, S., Geier-Dömling, D., Schlegel, P., Wattam, A.R. (2023). Isolation of Brucella inopinata from a White's tree frog (Litoria caerulea): pose exotic frogs a potential risk to human health? Front Microbiol. 14, 1173252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173252 PMid:37362939 PMCid:PMC10285381
- Hubálek, Z., Křivanová, A., Nesvadbová, J., Rudolf, I. (2023). Zoonotic potential of Brucella microti. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 23(8): 437-439. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2022.0085 PMid:37367199
- Freddi, L., De la Garza-García, J.A., Al Dahouk, S., Occhialini, A., Köhler, S. (2023). Brucella spp. are facultative anaerobic bacteria under denitrifying conditions. Microbiol Spectr. 11(6): e0276723. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02767-23 PMid:37882559 PMCid:PMC10714718
- Mohamed, N.S., Stephen, M.B., Nammalwar S. (2010). Brucellosis: a re-emerging zoonosis, Vet Microbiol. 140(3-4): 392-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.021 PMid:19604656
- El Jaouhari, M., Striha, M., Edjoc, R., Bonti-Ankomah, S. (2022). Laboratory-acquired infections in Canada from 2016 to 2021. Can Commun Dis Rep. 48(7/8): 303-307. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i78a02 PMid:37334256 PMCid:PMC10275617
- Erazo, K.V., Ramon, R., Moreira, J.M., Morejón, F.B. (2024). Study of the prevalence of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in general Proaño Parish: evaluation using Rose Bengal test and confirmation through competitive ELISA. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 18(3): 2113-2120. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.3.60
- OIE (2018): Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees). http://www.oie.int/conferences-events/other-oiekey-events/2008/
- Blasco, J.M., Garin-Bastuji, B., Marin, C.M., Gerbier, G., Fanlo, J., Jiménez de Bagués, M.P., Cau, C. (1994). Efficacy of different Rose Bengal and complement fixation antigens for the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats. Vet Rec. 134(16): 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.16.415 PMid:8036772
- Alton, G.G., Jones, L.M., Angus, R.D., Verger, J.M. (1988). Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory. Cedex: INRA Publications, 192 pp.
- Angus, R.D. (1984). An evaluation of the stability of Brucella abortus strain 19 reduced dosage lyophilized vaccines produced by different methods. Dev Biol Stand. 56, 659-578.
- British Pharmacopoeia (2012). Published by The Stationery Office on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 4: (pp. 3631-3632). London.
- Hasannia, E., Soleimani, S., Alamian, S., Behrozikhah, A., Emadi, A., Dostdari, S. (2015). Stability study of Iriba brucellosis full-dose and reduced-dose vaccine produced by Razi Institute in Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 70(1): 37-44.
- Plackett, P., Cottew, G.S., Best, S.J. (1976). An indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) for bovine brucellosis. Aust Vet J. 52(3):136-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1976.tb05448.x PMid:985227
- Hennager, S.G. (2004). Reagent production protocol-guinea pig complement preparation for the complement fixation test. USDA, APHIS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, IA, USA.
- Hennager, S.G. (2015). SOP - complement fixation test for detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. USDA, APHIS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, IA, USA.
- Roushdy, C.M., Moustafa, A.M.M., Abdelwahab, M.G., Ibrahim, F.K., El-bauomy, E.M. (2021). Latex agglutination: a rapid, specific immunoassay for diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 9(9): 1292-1301. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.9.1292.1301
- Blasco, J.M., Marín, C., Jiménez de Bagués, M., Barberán, M., Hernández, A., Molina, L., Velasco, J., Díaz, R., Moriyón, I. (1994). Evaluation of allergic and serological tests for diagnosing Brucella melitensis infection in sheep. J Clin Microbiol. 32(8): 1835-1840. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.32.8.1835-1840.1994 PMid:7989528 PMCid:PMC263887
- Mikolon, A.B., Gardner, I.A., Hietala, S.K., Hernandez de Anda, J., Chamizo Pestaña, E., Hennager, S.G., Edmondson, A.J. (1998). Evaluation of North American antibody detection tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in goats. J Clin Microbiol. 36(6): 1716-1722. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.36.6.1716-1722.1998 PMid:9620406 PMCid:PMC104906
- Erganiş, O., Hadimli, H., Solmaz, H., Corlu, M. (2005). Comparison of Rose Bengal plate test antigens prepared from Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 49, 165-167.
- MacMillan, A. (1990). Conventional serological tests. In: K. Nielsen, J.R. Duncan, (Eds.). Animal Brucellosis (1st Ed.) (pp. 153-198). Boca Raton: CRC Press
- World Health Organization (1986). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Brucellosis: Sixth Report. WHO Technical Reports Series, No. 740, WHO, Geneva.
- Garin-Bastuji, B., Blasco, J.M. (1997). Caprine and ovine brucellosis (excluding B. ovis infection). In: Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines (Third ed.), (pp. 350-368). Paris:OIE.
- Athira, K., Shyma, V.H., Justin, K.D., Vijayakumar, K., Jayakumar, C., Greeshma, J. (2023). Diagnosis of canine brucellosis using Rose Bengal plate test. J Vet Anim Sci. 54(2): 544-551. https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2023.54.2.544-551
- Loubet, P., Magnan, C., Salipante, F., Pastre, T., Keriel, A., O’Callaghan, D., Sotto, A., Lavigne, J.P. (2024). Diagnosis of brucellosis: combining tests to improve performance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 18(9): e0012442. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012442 PMid:39236075 PMCid:PMC11407618
- Legesse, A., Mekuriaw, A., Gelaye, E., Abayneh, T., Getachew, B., Weldemedhin, W., Tesgera, T., Deresse, G., Birhanu, K. (2023). Comparative evaluation of RBPT, I-ELISA, and CFT for the diagnosis of brucellosis and PCR detection of Brucella species from Ethiopian sheep, goats, and cattle sera. BMC Microbiol. 23(1): 216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02962-2 PMid:37563597 PMCid:PMC10413706
- Šerić-Haračić, S., Velić, L., Šaljić, E., Čengić, B., Tandir, F., Hadžimusić, N. (2022). Agreement among Rose Bengal, complement fixation test, and iELISA in diagnostic discrimination of sheep and goat brucellosis (Brucella melitensis). Acta Vet Eurasia. 48(1): 30-34. https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2022.21050
- Schofield, T.L. (2009). Vaccine stability study design and analysis to support product licensure. Biologicals. 37(6): 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.08.009 PMid:19717312
- Wang, W. (2000). Lyophilization and development of solid protein pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm. 203(1-2): 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00423-3 PMid:10967427
- Knezevic, I. (2009). Stability evaluation of vaccines: WHO approach. Biologicals. 37(6): 357-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.08.004 PMid:19729320
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2026-0016 | Journal eISSN: 1857-7415
Language: English
Page range: 117 - 128
Submitted on: Jan 30, 2025
Accepted on: Dec 18, 2025
Published on: Mar 12, 2026
Published by: Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Lubna F. Farahat, Waleed S. Shell, Marwa S. Diab, Azza M. Mohamed, Maha A. Elshazly, published by Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.