References
- Economic survey of Pakistan. (2023-2-24). Economic Advisor Wing, Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad
- Khan, N., Samiullah, K., Muhmmad, I., Mian, G.H., Ibrahim, M.N.M., Nazir, A.K. (2022). Comparing Azikheli buffaloes with Nili Ravi buffaloes for morphometry, productivity and reproductivity. Pak J Agri Sci. 59(4): 693-701.
- Khan, M.S., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.A. (2007). Genetic resources and diversity in dairy buffaloes of Pakistan. Pak Vet J. 27(4): 201-207.
- Jabbar, M.A., Fiaz, M., Iqbal, T., Abdullah, M., Marghazani, I.B. (2013). Effect of different dietary energy levels on milk production in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. J Anim Plant Sci. 23(Suppl. 1): 13-16.
- Barkema, H.W., Keyserlingk, V., Kastelic, J.P., Lam, T.J.G.M., Luby, C., Roy, J.P., LeBlanc, S.J., et al. (2015). Invited review: Changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare. J Dairy Sci. 98(11): 7426-7445. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9377 PMid:26342982
- Knaus, W. (2016). Perspectives on pasture versus indoor feeding of dairy cows. J Sci Food Agric. 96(1): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7273 PMid:26010136
- Reece, W.O. (2005). Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals. 3rd ed. Baltimore, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Banerjee, G.C. (2009). A textbook of animal husbandry. 8th Edi. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
- Mengistu, U.L., Puchala, R., Sahlu, T., Gipson, T.A., Dawson, L.J., Goetsch, A.L. (2016). Comparison of different levels and lengths of restricted drinking water availability and measurement times with Katahdin sheep and Boer and Spanish goat wethers. Small Rumin Res. 144, 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.007
- Kaliber, M., Koluman, N., Silanikove, N. (2015). Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions. Animal. 10(1): 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115001652 PMid:26256149
- Vosooghi-Postindoz, V., Tahmasbi, B., Naserian, A., Valizade, R., Ebrahimi, H. (2018). Effect of water deprivation and drinking saline water on performance, blood metabolites, nutrient digestibility, and rumen parameters in Baluchi lambs. IJAS 8(3): 445-456. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0811 PMid:29514445
- Casamassima, D., Vizzar ri, F., Nardoia, M., Palazzo, M. (2016). The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes. Vet Med. 61(11): 623-634. https://doi.org/10.17221/144/2015-VETMED
- West, J.W. (2003). Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 86(6): 2131-2144. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X PMid:12836950
- Marai, I.F.M., El-Darawany, A.A., Fadiel, A., Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M. (2007). Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep - A review. Small Rumin Res. 71(1-3): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.003
- Beede, D.K. (2012). What will our ruminants drink? Anim Front. 2(2): 36-43. https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2012-0040
- NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2001. ISBN 978-0-309-06997-7.
- Alamer, M. (2009). Effect of water restriction on lactation performance of Aardi goats under heat stress conditions. Small Rumin Res. 84, 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.06.009
- Khan, N., Bibi, B., Ahmad, T., Khan, S., Khan, A., Ibrahim, M. (2023). Comprehensive assessment of economic, productive, phenotypic, and morphometric traits in Azikheli buffalo breed of Northern Pakistan. J Biores Manag. 10 (4).
- Khan, N., Khan, A., Khan, H., Hussain, M,A., Ahmad, T., Ihsanudin., Ibrahaim, M. (2021). Effect of gradual replacement of dry forage fraction with maize silage on feed intake, milk yield and composition of Azik heli Buffalo in Nor thern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Int J Biosci. 19(6): 223-229.
- AOAC (2012). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 19th Ed. Washington, DC. USA
- Thokal, M.R., Patil, V.C., Udar, S.A. (2004). Effect of drinking water frequency on milk yield, fat, total solids, and solids-not-fat content in crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Res. 38(1): 47-49.
- Ali, A., Mustafa, M.I., Bilal, M.Q., Muhammad, G., Lateef, M., Ullah, S. (2015). Effect of watering frequency on feed intake, milk production and composition in Sahiwal cattle during summer. J Anim Plant Sci. 25(1): 19-22.
- Abdelatif, A.M. Ahmed, M.M. (1994). Water restriction, thermoregulation, blood constituents and endocrine responses in Sudanese desert sheep. J Arid Environ. 26(2): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1994.1021
- Mengistu, U., Dahlborn, K., Olsson, K. (2007). Effects of intermittent watering on water balance and feed intake in male Ethiopian Somali goats. Small Rumin Res. 67(1): 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.026
- Meyer, U., Everinghoff, D., Gädeken, D. Flachowsky, G. (2006). Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows. Livestock Prod Sci. 90(2): 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.03.005
- Williams, L.R., Jackson, E.L., Bishop-Hurley, G.J., Swain, D.L. (2017). Drinking frequency effects on the performance of cattle: A systematic review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 101(6): 1076-1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12640 PMid:27862389
- Alamer, M., Alhozab, A. (2004). Effect of water deprivation and season on feed intake, body weight and thermoregulation in Awassi and Najdi sheep breeds in Saudi Arabia. J Arid Environ. 59(1): 71-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.01.003
- Silanikove, N. (1985). Effect of dehydration on feed intake and dry matter digestibility in desert (Black Bedouin) and non-desert (Swiss Saanen) goats fed on lucerne hay. Comp Biochem Physiol. 80(3): 449-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)90066-0 PMid:2858325
- Silanikove, N.E., Maltz, A., Halevi, Shinder, D. (1997). Metabolism of water, sodium, potassium, and chlorine by high yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation. J Anim Sci. 80(5): 949-956. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76019-3 PMid:9178136
- Cardot, V., Le Roux, Y., Jurjanz, S. (2008). Drinking behavior of lactating dairy cows and prediction of their water Intake. J Dairy Sci. 91(6): 2257-2264. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0204 PMid:18487648
- Khan, R., Qureshi, M., Ghufranullah, A.M., Naveed A. (2012). Effect of quality and frequency of drinking water on productivity and fertility of dairy buffaloes. J Anim Plant Sci. 22, 96-101.
- Aganga, A.A. (1992). Water utilization by sheep and goats in northern Nigeria. World Anim Rev. 73, 9-14.
- Wendling, A.V., Machado Filho, L.C.P. (2018). Characterization of silage production and the use by dairy farmers in the west of Santa Catarina state. Semin Ciências Agrárias. 39(4): 1639-1652. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1639
- Little, W., Sansom, B.F., Manston, R., Allen, W.M. (1976). Effects of restricting the water intake of dairy cows upon their milk yield, body weight and blood composition. J Anim Prod. 22(3): 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100035601