References
- Borgarelli, M., Haggström, J. (2010). Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disase: natural history, clinical presentation and therapy. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract. 40(4): 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.008 PMid:20610017
- Höllmer, M., Willesen, J.L., Tolver, A., Koch, J. (2017). Left atrial volume and function in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol. 19, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2016.08.006 PMid:27825670
- Keene, B.W., Atkins, C.E., Bonagura, J.D., Fox, P.R., Haggstrom, J., Fuentes, V.L., Oyama, M.A., et al. (2019). ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 33:1127e40. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15488 PMid:30974015 PMCid:PMC6524084
- Parker, H.G., Kilroy-Glynn, P. (2012). Myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs: Does size matter? J Vet Cardiol. 14(1): 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2012.01.006 PMid:22356836 PMCid:PMC3307894
- Gordon, S.G., Saunders, A.B., Wesselowski, S.R. (2017). Asymptomatic canine degenerative valve disease: current and future therapies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 47(5): 955-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.04.003 PMid:28669433
- Häggström, J., Hansson, K., Kvart, C., Swenson, L. (1992). Chronic valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel in Sweden. Vet Rec. 131(24): 549-553. PMid: 1481344
- Haggstrom, J., Hamlin, R., Hansson, K., Kvart, C. (1996). Heart rate variability in relation to severity of mitral regurgitation in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Small Anim Pract. 37, 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb01941.x PMid:8656596
- Lewis, T., Swift, S., Woolliams, J.A., Blotta, S. (2011). Heritability of premature mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. Vet J. 188(1): 73-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.02.016 PMid:20347358
- Kim, S.H., Seo, K.W., Song, K.H. (2020). An assessment of vertebral left atrial size in relation to the progress of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Clin. 37(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2020.02.37.1.9
- Malcolm, E.L., Visser, L.C., Phillips, K.L., Johnson, L.R. (2018). Diagnostic value of vertebral left atrial size as deter mined from thoracic radiographs for assessment of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 253:1038e45. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.253.8.1038 PMid:30272515
- Mikawa, S., Nagakawa, M., Ogi, H., Akabane, R., Koyama, Y., Sakatani, A., Ogawa, M., et al. (2020). Use of vertebral left atrial size for staging of dogs with myxomatous valve disease. J Vet Cardiol. 30, 92e99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2020.06.001 PMid:32707334
- Vezzosi, T., Puccinelli, C., Citi, S., Tognetti, R. (2021). Two radiographic methods for assessing left atrial enlargement and cardiac remodeling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol. 34, 55e63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2021.01.002 PMid:33581663
- Hansson, K., Haggstrom, J., Kvart, C., Lord, P. (2002). Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargement. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 43:568e75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01051.x PMid:12502113
- Thomas, W.P., Gaber, C.E., Jacobs, G.J., Kaplan, P.M., Lombard, C.W., Moise, N.S., Moses, B.L. (1993). Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. Echocardiography committee of the specialty of cardiology, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. J Vet Intern Med. 7:247e52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01015.x PMid:8246215
- Cornell, C.C., Kittleson, M.D., Torre, P.D., Haggstrom, J., Lombard, C.W., Pedersen, H.D., Vollmar, A., Wey, A. (2004). Allometric scaling of M‐mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 18, 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x PMid:15188817
- Buchanan, J.W., Bücheler, J. (1995). Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 206(2): 194e9
- Beardow, A.W., Buchanan, J.W. (1993). Chronic mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels: 95 cases (1987-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 203(7): 1023-9.
- Birkegard, A.C., Reimann, M.J., Martinussen, T., Häggström, J., Pedersen, H.D., Olsen, L.H. (2016). Breeding restrictions decrease the prevalence of myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels over an 8- to 10-Year Period. J Vet Intern Med. 30(1): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13663 PMid:26578464 PMCid:PMC4913653
- Ware, W.A. (2014). Cardiovascular system disorders. In: R.W. Nelson, C.G. Couto (Eds.), Small animal internal medicine (pp. 139-150). USA: Mosby, Inc.
- Bagardi, M., Locatelli, C., Manfredi, M., Bassi, J., Spediacci, C., Ghilardi, S., Zani D.D., Brambilla, P.G. (2022). Breed-specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Reference interval study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 63, 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13036 PMid:34796576 PMCid:PMC9299495