References
- 1. Schildkraut, R. (2006). Characteristation of positive welfare indices in captive african lions (Panthera leo) [master’s thesis]. [New South Wales]: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney.
- 2. Sjoberg, J. (2011). The effect of extra food simulation on Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) kept at Kolmården Zoo. [Bachelor’s thesis]. [Linkoping, Sweden]: Linkopings Universitet, Sweden
- 3. Veasey, J.S. (2006). Concepts in the care and welfare of captive elephants. Int Zoo Yearb. 40(1): 63-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2006.00063.x10.1111/j.1748-1090.2006.00063.x
- 4. Irie, N., Hasegawa, T. (2009). Elephant psychology: What we know and what we would like to know. Jpn Psychol Res. 51(3): 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5884.2009.00404.x10.1111/j.1468-5884.2009.00404.x
- 5. Rees, P.A. (2009). The sizes of elephant groups in Zoos: implications for elephant welfare. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 12(1): 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888700802536699 PMid:1910766410.1080/1088870080253669919107664
- 6. Prado-Oviedo, N.A., Bonaparte-Saller, M.K., Malloy, E.J., Meehan, C.L., Mench, J.A., Carlstead, K., Brown, J.L. (2016). Evaluation of demographics and social life events of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in North American Zoos. PLoS One 11(7): e0154750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154750 PMid:27415437 PMCid:PMC494503010.1371/journal.pone.0154750494503027415437
- 7. Schulte, B.A. (2000). Social structure and helping behavior in captive elephants. Zoo Biol. 19(5): 447-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2361(2000)19:5<447::AIDZOO12>3.0.CO;2-#
- 8. Harris, M., Sherwin, C., Harris, S. (2008). The welfare, housing and husbandry of elephants in UK zoos. Final Report, University of Bristol. DEFRA Science and Research Project WC05007. London: Department of Food, The Environment and Rural Affairs.
- 9. Webber, C.E. (2017). A comparison of behavioural development of elephant calves in captivity and in the wild: implications for welfare [Dissertation]. [Stirling, Scotland]: University of Stirling.
- 10. Justice, W.S.M., O’Brien, M.F., Szyszka, O., Shotton, J., Gilmour, J.E.M., Riordan, P., Wolfensohn, S. (2017). Adaptation of the animal welfare assessment grid (AWAG) for monitoring animal welfare in zoological collections. Vet Rec. 181(6): 143. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104309 PMid:2848745310.1136/vr.10430928487453
- 11. Jones, C. (2018). Wild planet trust welfare auditing guidance document. EAZA Animal Welfare. c2018 [cited 2018 April 18]. https://www.eaza.net/assets/Uploads/Areas-of-Activity/Animal-welfare/Docs/Animal-Welfare-Assessment-English.pdf?
- 12. Yon, L., Williams, E., Harvey, N.D., Asher, L. (2019). Development of a behavioural welfare assessment tool for routine use with captive elephants. PLoS One 14(2): e0210783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210783 PMid:30726232 PMCid:PMC636490510.1371/journal.pone.0210783636490530726232
- 13. Samelius, V. (2018). Zoo animal welfare assessment: a review of current research and protocols concerning welfare assessment and feasibility of application in a zoo environment [bachelor’s thesis]. [Uppsala]: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
- 14. European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) (2020). [Internet]. EAZA best practice guidelines for elephants, 2nd edition. Amsterdam: EAZA. https://www.eaza.net/assets/Uploads/CCC/BPG-2020/Elephant-TAG-BPG-2020.pdf
- 15. Olson, D. (2002). [Internet]. Elephant husbandry resource guide. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Elephant Taxon Group; Еlephant Managers Association; International Elephant Foundation. https://elephantconservation.org/iefImages/2015/06/CompleteHusbandryGuide1stEdition.pdf
- 16. Finch, K., Sach, F., Fitzpatrick, M., Masters, N., Rowden, L.J. (2020). Longitudinal improvements in zoo-housed elephant welfare: a case study at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo. Animals 10(11): 2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112029 PMid:33158053 PMCid:PMC769412110.3390/ani10112029769412133158053
- 17. Mason, G. Clubb, R., Latham, N., Vickery, S. (2007). Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour?. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 102(3-4): 163-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.04110.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.041
- 18. Greco, B.J., Meehan. C.L., Hogan. J.N., Leighty, K.A., Mellen. J., et al. (2016). The days and nights of Zoo elephants: using epidemiology to better understand stereotypic behavior of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in North American Zoos. PLoS One 11(7): e0144276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144276 PMid:27416071 PMCid:PMC494498510.1371/journal.pone.0144276494498527416071
- 19. Björk, K. (2011). The effect of extra feed supply on stereotypic behaviour in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) [bachelor’s thesis]. [Linkoping, Sweden]: Linkopings University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
- 20. AZA. (2012). AZA standards for elephant management and care. Approved March 2011, Revised April 2012. https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2332/aza_standards_for_elephant_management_and_care.pdf