Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Liquefied Natural Gas Infrastructure and Prospects for the Use of LNG in the Baltic States and Finland Cover

Liquefied Natural Gas Infrastructure and Prospects for the Use of LNG in the Baltic States and Finland

Open Access
|Mar 2021

References

  1. 1. Bresciani, G., Heiligtag, S., Lambert, P., & Rogers, M. (2020). The Future of Liquefied Natural Gas: Opportunities for Growth. [online]. [accessed 1 December 2020]. Available at https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/the-future-of-liquefied-natural-gas-opportunities-for-growth
  2. 2. Nersesian, R. L. (2010). Energy for the 21st century: A comprehensive guide to conventional and alternative sources. M.E. Sharp.
  3. 3. Whitney, G., & Behrens, C. E. (2010). Energy: Natural Gas: The Production and Use of Natural Gas, Natural Gas Imports and Exports, EPAct Project, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminals and Infrastructure Security, Underground Working Gas Storage, Fisher-Tropsch Fuels from Coal, Natural Gas and Biomass, Gas Hydrates, Gas Shales, Hydraulic Fracturing, Alaska Natural Gas Pipelines. The Capitol.Net, Inc.
  4. 4. US Office of Fossil Energy. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). (n.d.). [online]. [accessed 12 January 2021]. Available at https://www.energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/oil-gas/liquefied-natural-gas
  5. 5. Swennen, R. (ed.) (2017). China’s gas development strategies. Springer.
  6. 6. DG Energy. (2020). Quarterly Report on European Gas Markets. [online]. [accessed 5 March 2021]. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/quarterly_report_on_european_gas_markets_q4_2019_final.pdf
  7. 7. EC. (2020). EU-U.S. LNG Trade. U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) has the potential to help match EU gas needs. [online]. [accessed 10 January 2021]. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/eu-us_lng_trade_folder.pdf
  8. 8. IEA. (2019). The Role of Gas in Today’s Energy Transitions. [online]. [accessed 5 February 2021]. Available at https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-gas-in-todays-energy-transitions
  9. 9. Bryden, D., & Denton, S.-J. (2020). The European Green Deal – Overview and Status Report. [online]. [accessed 25 January 2021]. Available at https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b18af039-49eb-484e-ac52-25820a7513e3
  10. 10. EC. (n.d.). What is the European Green Deal? [online]. [accessed 14 January 2021]. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/fs_19_6714
  11. 11. Hokerts, J. (2020). Gāze – ekoloģiskiem un ekonomiskiem risinājumiem. In Heat Supply Conference, Riga.
  12. 12. Energia Market Research. (2019). Baltic Countries Small-Scale LNG Market Outlook, Trend and Opportunity Analysis, Competitive Insights, Actionable Segmentation & Forecast 2020–2030. [online]. [accessed 14 January 2021]. Available at https://www.energiasmarketresearch.com/baltic-small-scale-lng-market-report/
  13. 13. Gas Processing and LNG. (2020). Lithuania to Import LNG until at least 2044, to Purchase LNG Vessel. [online]. [accessed 10 March 2021]. Available at http://www.gasprocessingnews.com/news/lithuania-to-import-lng-until-at-least-2044,-to-purchase-lng-vessel.aspx
  14. 14. Gaso. (2019). Kundziņsalas dienvidu projekts. Tehniskie noteikumi.
  15. 15. Sināts, M. (2020). Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Road Transport in Latvia. Master Thesis. Riga: RTU.
  16. 16. Skulte LNG Terminal. (2019). [online]. [accessed 3 February 2021]. Available at https://www.skultelng.lv/en/the_project/#i32
  17. 17. Summary: Revised TEN-E Regulation – Future Financing of European Energy Infrastructure. (2020). [online]. [accessed 16 January 2021]. Available at https://hsfnotes.com/energy/tag/pcis/
  18. 18. Conexus Baltic Grid. (n.d.). Medium-Term Strategy for 2019–2023. [online]. [accessed 9 January 2021]. Available at https://www.conexus.lv/uploads/filedir/Media/conexus_mid_term_strategy.pdf
  19. 19. GRIP Annex A: Infrastructure Projects. (2017). [online]. [accessed 6 January 2021]. Available at https://entsog.eu/public/uploads/files/publications/GRIPs/2017/entsog_BEMIP_GRIP_2017_Annex_A_web.pdf
  20. 20. Tallinn LNG. [online]. [accessed 31 January 2021]. Available at https://www.tallinnlng.com/
  21. 21. Seatrade Maritime News. (2020). Lithuania’s Klaipeda Port Embarks on LNG Bunkering. [online]. [accessed 31 January 2021]. Available at https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/bunkering/lithuaniasklaipeda-port-embarks-lng-bunkering
  22. 22. World Maritime News. (2019). Nauticor to Become Sole Charterer of LNG Bunker Vessel Kairos. [online]. [accessed 10 February 2021]. Available at https://www.offshore-energy.biz/nauticor-to-become-sole-charterer-of-lng-bunker-vessel-kairos/
  23. 23. Vessel Finder. (2021). PGNiG Received its Fourth LNG Delivery in Klaipėda. [online]. [accessed 1 February 2021]. Available at https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/19934-PGNiG-received-its-fourth-LNG-delivery-in-Klaipda
  24. 24. Eesti Gaas. (n.d.). LNG – Clean Fuel with Reasonable Cost. [online]. [accessed 1 March 2021]. Available at https://www.gaas.ee/en/for-business/lng-liquefied-natural-gas/lng-bunkering/
  25. 25. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland. (2019). Finland’s Integrated Energy and Climate Plan. [online]. [accessed 1 February 2021]. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/fi_final_necp_main_en.pdf
  26. 26. Hydrocarbons Technology. (n.d.). Skangas LNG Import Terminal, Port of Tahkoluoto, Pori. [online]. [accessed 1 February 2021]. Available at https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/skangas-lng-import-terminal-port-of-tahkoluoto-pori/
  27. 27. LNG World News. (2019). Manga LNG Inaugurates Tornio Receiving Terminal. [online]. [accessed 10 February 2021]. Available at https://www.offshore-energy.biz/manga-lng-inaugurates-tornio-receiving-terminal/
  28. 28. Archana Rani, K.S. (2019). Finland Commissions Tornio Manga LNG Receiving Terminal. [online]. [accessed 2 February 2021]. Available at https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/finland-torniomanga-lng-terminal/
  29. 29. Manga LNG Terminal. (n.d.). [online]. [accessed 5 February 2021]. Available at https://www.torniomangalng.fi/en/hankkeen-esittely/
  30. 30. Gasum. (2020). Gasum Partners with New Customer in Liquefied Natural Gas Deliveries from Manga LNG Terminal in Tornio, Finland. [online]. [accessed 23 January 2021]. Available at https://www.gasum.com/en/About-gasum/for-the-media/News/2019/gasum-partners-with-new-customer-in-liquefied-natural-gas-deliveries-from-manga-lng-terminal-in-tornio-finland/
  31. 31. Mediatiedote. (2020). Tukes has Authorised the Construction of the Hamina LNG Terminal. [online]. [accessed 2 February 2021]. Available at https://tukes.fi/en/-/tukes-has-authorised-the-construction-ofthe-hamina-lng-terminal
  32. 32. Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. [online]. [accessed 4 February 2021]. Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32014L0094
  33. 33. EC. (2020.) Cleaner Air in 2020: 0.5 % Sulphur Cap for Ships Enters into Force Worldwide. [online]. [accessed 4 March 2021]. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/maritime/news/2020-01-03-sulphur-cap_en
  34. 34. Directive 2016/802/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. [online]. [accessed 4 March 2021]. Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/802/oj
  35. 35. International Maritime Organization. (n.d.). Emission Control Areas (ECAs) Designated under MARPOL Annex VI. [online]. [accessed 1 March 2021]. Available at https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Emission-Control-Areas-(ECAs)-designated-under-regulation-13-of-MARPOL-Annex-VI-(NOx-emission-control).aspx
  36. 36. Damgaard, J. (2020). Low Sulphur Regulations after 1 January 2020. [online]. [accessed 6 January 2021]. Available at https://britanniapandi.com/2020/01/low-sulphur-regulations-after-1-january-2020/
  37. 37. International Maritime Organization. (2016). Air Pollution and Energy Efficiency. Study on effects of the entry into force of the global 0.5% fuel oil sulphur content limit on human health. [online]. [accessed 9 March 2021]. Available at https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Documents/Finland%20study%20on%20health%20benefits.pdf
  38. 38. Osorio-Tejada, J., Llera, E., & Scarpellini, S. (2015). LNG: Aan Alternative Fuel for Road Freight Transport in Europe. [online]. [accessed 1 March 2021]. Available at https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/62843/files/texto_completo.pdf10.2495/SD150211
  39. 39. European Automobile Manufacturers Association. (2018). Vehicles in Use. [online]. [accessed 9 March 2021]. Available at https://www.acea.be/statistics/tag/category/vehicles-in-use
  40. 40. Savickis, J., Zeltins, N., & Jansons, L. (2019). Synergy between the Natural Gas and RES in Enhancement of Security of Energy Supply in the Baltic Countries (Problem Statement). Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 56 (6), 17–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2019-003210.2478/lpts-2019-0032
  41. 41. ICCT. (2018). European Vehicle Market Statistics, 2018/2019. [online]. [accessed 3 March 2021]. Available at https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_Pocketbook_2018_Final_20190408.pdf
  42. 42. Savickis, J., Zemite, L., Zeltins, N., Bode, I., Jansons, L., Dzelzitis, E., …. & Ansone, A. (2020). The Biomethane Injection into the Natural Gas Networks: The EU’s Gas Synergy Path. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 57 (4), 34–50. DOI: 10.2478/lpts-2020-002010.2478/lpts-2020-0020
  43. 43. Sharafian, A., Talebian, H., Blomerus, P., Herrera, O., & Mérida, W. (2017). A Review of Liquefied Natural Gas Refueling Station Designs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69 (November 2016), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.18610.1016/j.rser.2016.11.186
  44. 44. Reķis, J., Šmigins, R., Gailis, M., & Klāvs, G. (2018). Pētījums par Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes 2014. gada 22. oktobra Direktīvas 2014/94/ES par alternatīvo degvielu ieviešanu scenārijiem autotransporta sektorā. 40003142793, 146.
  45. 45. Bode, I. (2019). Alternatīvās degvielas izmantošana (presentation).
  46. 46. On Alternative Fuels Development Plan 2017–2020. [online]. [accessed 8 March 2021] Available at https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/290393-on-alternative-fuels-development-plan-20172020
  47. 47. European Biogas Association, Gas Infrastructure Europe. (2020). The European Biomethane Map 2020. [online]. [accessed 3 March 2021]. Available at https://www.europeanbiogas.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GIE_EBA_BIO_2020_A0_FULL_FINAL.pdf
  48. 48. BioLNG Makes Carbon Neutrality a Reality for EU transport. (2020). [online]. [accessed 4 March 2021]. Available at https://www.europeanbiogas.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/News-Release_BioLNG_Paper_EBA-GIE-NGVA-Europe-SEA-LNG-WEB.pdf
  49. 49. Franco A., & Casarosa C. (2014). Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Analysis of LNG Energy Recovery for Power Production. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 54710.1088/1742-6596/547/1/012012
  50. 50. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland. (2020). Investment Incentives to Promote Rapid Phase-Out of Coal in Energy Production. [online]. [accessed 9 January 2021]. Available at https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/1410877/asetuksella-investointikannuste-hiilen-energiakaytostaripeasti-luopuville
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0011 | Journal eISSN: 2255-8896 | Journal ISSN: 0868-8257
Language: English
Page range: 45 - 63
Published on: Mar 30, 2021
Published by: Institute of Physical Energetics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year

© 2021 J. Savickis, L. Zemite, L. Jansons, N. Zeltins, I. Bode, A. Ansone, A. Selickis, A. Broks, A. Koposovs, published by Institute of Physical Energetics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.