References
- The People’s Republic of China. (2015). Notice of the State Council on the issuance of ‘Made in China 2025. State Council, Beijing, Guo Fa. Retrieved December 08, 2023 from https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm
- Chinese Embassy in Switzerland. (2023). Building the Belt and Road: A Major Step towards Realizing a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. Economic and Commercial Office, Chinese Embassy in Switzerland, Beijing, October 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2024 from https://ch.mofcom.gov.cn/jmxw/art/2023/art_be0d8a37802642f6986875f3b6da1ad8.html
- Cosentino, B., Dunmore, D., Ellis, S., Preti, A., Ranghetti, D., Routaboul, C., Garratt, M., Teodoro, A., Drew, J., Tuszyńska, B. & Borka, A. (2018). Research for TRANS Committee: The New Silk Route - Opportunities and Challenges for EU Transport. Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament, Study IP/B/TRAN/IC/2017-006; PE 585.907. Retrieved January 2018 from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/585907/IPOL_STU(2018)5859 07_EN.pdf
- Giovannetti, G., Marvasi, E. & Ricchiuti, G. (2023). The Future of Global Value Chains and International Trade: An EU Perspective. Italian Economic Journal 9, 851–867. DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00252-4.
- Xinhua Silk Road. (2023, June). What is the BRI? Retrieved November 2, 2024, from https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0N4P7CF0.html
- Huang, Y. (2016). Understanding China’s Belt & Road Initiative: Motivation, Framework and Assessment. China Economic Review 40, 314–321. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2016.07.007.
- Johnston, L.A. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China? Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 6(1). DOI: 10.1002/app5.265.
- Liu, Z., Schindler, S. & Liu, W. (2020). Demystifying Chinese Overseas Investment in Infrastructure: Port Development, the Belt and Road Initiative and Regional Development. Journal of Transport Geography 87, 102812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102812.
- Garcia Herrero, A. & Xu, J. (2017). China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Can Europe Expect Trade Gains? China & World Economy 25(6), 84–99. DOI: 10.1111/cwe.12222.
- De Lombaerde, P., Kairat, M., Ikboljon, O. & Taghon, S. (2024). Strategic Responses of Regional Economic Organizations to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative: The Cases of ASEAN, EAEU, and EU. Asia Pacific Business Review 30(2), 399–419. DOI: 10.1080/13602381.2022.2093526.
- Xiao, Y. & Parenti, F.M. (2022). China–Italy BRI Cooperation: Towards a New Cooperation Model? Area Development and Policy 7(2), 204-221. DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1985397.
- Zou, Z. & Isik, A.F. (2023). China’s Seaport Investment in the Mediterranean Region and EU’s Interrogative Approach. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 25(1), 118–135. DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2022.2129323.
- Verschuur, J., Koks, E.E. & Hall, J.W. (2022). Ports’ Criticality in International Trade and Global Supply-Chains. Nature Communications 13(1), 4351. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32070-0.
- Eurostat. (2024, September). Value of EU Goods Transported by Sea Was 47% in 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240925-2
- Eurostat. (2025, April). Air Transport of Goods by Country. Retrieved April 10, 2025, from DOI: 10.2908/TTR00011.
- Eurostat. (2025, March). Sea Transport of Goods. Retrieved April 10, 2025, from DOI: 10.2908/TTR00009.
- Eurostat. (2025, April). Goods Transport by Rail. Retrieved April 10, 2025, from DOI: 10.2908/TTR00006.
- Eurostat. (2025, August). Goods Transport by Road. Retrieved April 10, 2025, from DOI: 10.2908/TTR00005.
- Hanemann, T. & Salidjanova, N. (2022, April). EU-China FDI Report 1Q 2023. Retrieved August 02, 2024, from https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/09242a36-a438-40fd-a7affe32e36cbd0e/library/5da367eb-2577-4c2f-b999-852dbd064427/details
- Cosco Shipping Ports Limited. (2016, August). 2016 Interim Results. Retrieved December 26, 2024, from https://ports.coscoshipping.com/en/Media/PressReleases/content.php?id=20160824
- Cosco Shipping Ports Limited. (2017, October). COSCO SHIPPING Ports Limited Acquisition of Interest in the Vado Terminals in Italy. Retrieved December 26, 2024, from https://ports.coscoshipping.com/en/Media/PressReleases/content.php?id=20161017
- Cosco Shipping Ports Limited. (2017, June). COSCO SHIPPING Ports Limited Acquisition of Interest in Noatum Port Holdings in Spain. Retrieved December 26, 2024, from https://ports.coscoshipping.com/en/Media/PressReleases/content.php?id=20170612
- Cosco Shipping Ports Limited. (2017, September). Acquisition of interest in APM Terminals Zeebrugge NV. Retrieved December 26, 2024, from https://ports.coscoshipping.com/en/Media/PressReleases/files/pdf/Acquisition%20of%20interest%20in%20APM%20Terminals%20Zeebrugge%20NV_Press%20release_e_final.pdf
- Wee, V. (2016, October). Cosco Shipping Ports Expands in the Med with Vado Port Buy. Retrieved December 23, 2024, from https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/terminals/cosco-shipping-ports-expands-in-the-med-with-vado-port-buy
- Li, X. (2017, October). Chinese Capital Behind Overseas Ports: More Than 20 Billion Us Dollars a Year. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/29706.html
- European Commission & High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. (2023, December). Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council EU-China – a Strategic Outlook. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52019JC0005
- European Commission & High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. (2023, June). Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council on European Economic Security Strategy. Retrieved October 26, 2024, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023JC0020
- European Commission. (2020, October). EU Foreign Investment Screening Mechanism Becomes Fully Operational. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_20_1867/IP_20_1867_EN.pdf
- European External Action Service. (2023, December). EU-China Relations factsheet. Retrieved January 03, 2025, from https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-china-relations-factsheet_en#:%7E:text=In%20that%20regard%2C%20the%20EU%27s,competitor%20and%20a%20systemic%20rival
- Smit Jacobs, K. (2023, March). Chinese Strategic Interests in European Ports. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/739367/EPRS_ATA(2023)739367_EN.pdf
- European Parliament and European Council. (2019, March). Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019 Establishing a Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investments into the Union. Retrieved March 15, 2024, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/452/oj
- Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection. (2022, October). Federal Cabinet Adopts Partial Ban in the Investment Review Procedure for the Port of Hamburg. Retrieved April 23, 2024, from https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2022/10/20221026-bundeskabinettverabschiedet-teiluntersagung-im-investitionsprufverfahren-hamburger-hafen.html
- Kienzle, M. (2023, August). Navigating the EU-China Controversy: Unravelling the Hamburg Harbour Investment Saga. Retrieved December 23, 2024, from https://eias.org/publications/oped/navigating-the-eu-china-controversy-unravelling-the-hamburg-harbour-investment-saga/