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Between forest and farmland: serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars in Poland Cover

Between forest and farmland: serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars in Poland

Open Access
|Aug 2026

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Distribution of Aujeszky’s disease in selected provinces in the years 1999–2007

Province199920002001200220032004200520062007Outbreak status
Małopolskie++++++
Podkarpackie+++++
Śląskie++
Zachodniopomorskie++++++++

[i] +: positive; −: negative

Table 2.

The results of the Aujeszky’s disease eradication programme in domestic pigs in Poland in 2017

ProvinceNumber of tested herdsNumber of infected herdsNumber of tested pigsNumber of infected pigs
Dolnośląskie2546111 3712
Kujawsko-Pomorskie16 167094 8980
Lubelskie18 080077 8250
Lubuskie1440011 5170
Łódzkie16 117011 5470
Małopolskie7131024 1130
Mazowieckie16 098094 0720
Opolskie4493023 4160
Podkarpackie7225022 1710
Podlaskie3982020 9660
Pomorskie6687043 6880
Śląskie4277018 0030
Świętokrzyskie61831624 95620
Warmińsko-Mazurskie4245040 3880
Wielkopolskie31 9753241 6503
Zachodniopomorskie1868022 7420
Total148 51420887 22325
Table 3.

Seroprevalence of ADV and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars

ProvinceTested samples (n)ADV +ADV −ADV +/−Chlamydia spp.+Chlamydia spp.−Chlamydia spp.+/−
Małopolskie5015(30.0%)34(68.0%)1(2.0%)1(2.0%)46(92.0%)3(6.0%)
Podkarpackie381(2.6%)37(97.4%)1(2.6%)3(7.9%)32(84.2%)3(7.9%)
Śląskie23873(30.7%)152(63.9%)13(5.5%)17(7.1%)210(88.2%)11(4.6%)
Zachodniopomorskie768355(46.2%)400(52.1%)14(1.8%)49(6.4%)675(87.9%)44(5.7%)
Total1094 (100%)445(40.7%)623(57.0%)28(2.6%)70(6.4%)963(88.0%)61(5.6%)

[i] totals may not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding; +: positive; −: negative; +/−: doubtful.

Table 4.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in wild boars

ProvinceTestedsamples (n)Phase I +Phase I −Phase I +/−Phase II +Phase II −Phase II +/−
Małopolskie500(0.0%)41(82.0%)9(18.0%)0(0.0%)41(82.0%)9(18.0%)
Podkarpackie381(2.6%)37(97.4%)7(18.4%)0(0.0%)29(76.3%)9(23.7%)
Śląskie2385(2.1%)207(87.0%)16(6.7%)8(3.4%)216(90.7%)14(5.9%)
Zachodniopomorskie76831(4.0%)672(87.5%)65(8.5%)22(2.9%)695(90.5%)51(6.6%)
Total109437(3.4%)950(86.8%)107(9.8%)30(2.7%)981(89.7%)83(7.6%)

[i] totals may not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding; +: positive; −: negative; +/−: doubtful.

Fig. 1.

Results of multiple correspondence analysis illustrating associations between the geographical origin of wild boars, wild boar density (WBD) in individual provinces, and serological categories of antibodies against Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV), Chlamydia spp. (CHL) and C. burnetii (CB-I for phase-I and CB-II for phase-II antigens). Locations of blue (variable-representing) points close to each other indicate stronger associations, whereas locations farther apart indicate weaker or no associations. Red (inequal quadrant) outlines – groups of categories with similar profiles; green (central) outline – variables with low discriminatory power and no clear association with other variables; av – average; Prov – province; MP – Małopolskie; PK – Podkarpackie; SL – Śląskie; ZP – Zachodniopomorskie; WBD – wild boar density

Fig. 2.

Spatial distribution of serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease (AD) virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars, together with the occurrence of African swine fever and AD in domestic pigs and wild boar density in Poland in 2017

Fig. 3.

Spatial distribution of serological markers of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars, shown against the background of African swine fever occurrence and forest cover in Poland in 2017

Fig. 4.

Spatial distribution of serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars in relation to wild boar density and African swine fever occurrence in Poland in 2017

Fig. 5.

Spatial distribution of serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus in wild boars, together with African swine fever occurrence in domestic pigs and wild boar density in Poland in 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2026-0045 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)
Language: English
Submitted on: May 7, 2026
Accepted on: Aug 19, 2026
Published on: Aug 24, 2026
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz, Krzysztof Niemczuk, Zbigniew Osiński, Anna Ziętek-Barszcz, Karolina Mizgier-Żuczek, Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.