The effects of feeding diets with ensiled maize grain on the production efficiency and meat characteristics of broiler ducks
References
- Abd El-Hack M.E., El-Saadony M.T., Shafi M.E., Qattan S.Y.A., Batiha G.E., Khafaga A.F., Abdel-Moneim A.E., Alagawany M.: Probiotics in poultry feed: a comprehensive review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2020, 104, 1835–1850, doi: 10.1111/jpn.13454.
- Ao X., Kim I.H.: Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance and carcass traits in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2020, 99, 499–504, doi: 10.3382/ps/pez558.
- Aslan R., Ozturk E.: Effects of maize silage feeding on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive system length, chemical composition, and meat quality of domestic geese. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022, 54, 325, doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03313-5.
- Baéza E.: Nutritional requirements and feed management of meat type ducks. World’s Poult Sci J 2016, 72, 5–20, doi: 10.1017/S004393391500272X.
- Bannon C.D., Craske J.D., Hilliker A.E.: Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability. V. Validation of theoretical relative response factors of unsaturated esters in the flame ionization detector. J Am Chem Soc 1986, 63, 105–110, doi: 10.1007/BF02676134.
- Biesek J., Banaszak M., Grabowicz M., Wlaźlak S., Adamski M.: Production efficiency and utility features of broiler ducks fed with feed thinned with wheat grain. Animals 2022, 12, 3427, doi: 10.3390/ani12233427.
- Borowiec F., Karpowicz A., Cembrzyńska M., Pyś J.B.: Effect of feeding dry maize grain and high-moisture maize grain silage on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in lambs meat (in Polish). Zesz Nauk Uniw Przyr Wroc Biol Anim Breed 2011, 62, 111–121.
- Carvalho-Estrada P.A., Fernandes J., Silva É.M. da, Tizioto P., Paziani S.F., Duarte A.P., Coutinho L.L., Verdi M.C.Q., Nussio L.G.: Effects of hybrid, kernel maturity, and storage period on the bacterial community in high-moisture and rehydrated corn grain silages. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020, 43, 126131, doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126131.
- Chang C., Zhang Q.Q., Wang H.H., Zhang J., Yan Z.X., Liu H.G., Geng A.L.: Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels affect pectoral muscle composition and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. Poult Sci 2023, 102, 102353, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102353.
- Commission of the European Communities: Commission Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed, OJEU L 2009, 52, 54, 26/02/2009, 1.
- Commission Internationale de l′Éclairage: CIE 15.2 Technical Report – Colorimetry, second edition. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, Austria, 1986.
- Elnagar A., El-Maaty H.M.A.: Impact of using organic acids on growth performance, blood biochemical and hematological traits and immune response of ducks (Cairina moschata). Egypt Poult Sci J 2017, 37, 907–925, di:10.21608/epsj.2017.7740.
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union: Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. OJ EU L 2010, 53, 276, 20/10/2010, 33–79.
- Folch J., Lees M., Stanley G.S.: A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1957, 226, 497–509.
- Gach S., Korpysz K., Polańczyk M.: Expenditure on harvest and ensiling of corn grain in a plastic bags (in Polish). J Res Appl Agric Eng 2011, 56, 44–48.
- Gheller L.S., Ghizzi L.G., Takiya C.S., Grigoletto N.T.S., Silva T.B.P., Marques J.A., Dias M.S.S., Freu G., Rennó F.P.: Different organic acid preparations on fermentation and microbiological profile, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021, 281, 115083, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115083.
- Government of the Republic of Poland: Ustawa z dnia 15 stycznia 2015 o ochronie zwierząt wykorzystywanych do celów naukowych lub edukacyjnych (Act of 15 January 2015 on the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes) Dz U 2015, poz 266 (Official Journal of Laws 2015, item 266).
- Grau R., Hamm R.: Eine einfache Methode der Bestimmung der Wasserbindung in Fleisch (A simple method for determining water binding in meat – in German). Fleischwirtschaft 1952, 4, 295–297.
- Huo W., Weng K., Gu T., Luo X., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Xu Q., Chen G.: Effects of integrated rice-duck farming system on duck carcass traits, meat quality, amino acid, and fatty acid composition. Poult Sci 2021, 100, 101107, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101107.
- Infante-Rodríguez F., Salinas-Chavira J., Montaño-Gómez M.F., Manríquez-Nuñez O.M., González-Vizcarra V.M., Guevera-Florentino O.F., Ramírez De León J.A.: Effect of diets with different energy concentrations on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat chemical composition of broiler chickens in dry tropics. SpringerPlus 2016, 5, 1937, doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3608-0.
- Jacovaci F.A., Salvo P.A.R., Jobim C.C., Daniel J.L.P.: Effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain for feedlot beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Rev Bras Zootec 2021, 50, e20200111, doi: 10.37496/rbz5020200111.
- Janiszewski P., Lisiak D., Borzuta K., Grześkowiak E., Schwarz T., Siekierko U., Andres K., Świątkiewicz S.: The effect of feeding chicken and geese broilers with different cereals on the fatty acids profile in meat. Foods 2021, 10, 2879, doi: 10.3390/foods10112879.
- Jiang F.-G., Cheng H.-J., Liu D., Wei C., An W.-J., Wang Y.-F., Sun H.-T., Song E.-L.: Treatment of whole-plant corn silage with lactic acid bacteria and organic acid enhances quality by elevating acid content, reducing pH, and inhibiting undesirable microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2020, 11, 593088, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593088.
- Kierończyk B., Rawski M., Mikołajczak Z., Wachowiak R., Homska N., Józefiak D.: A preliminary study of chemically preserved and high-moisture whole maize (Zea mays L.) usage in Pekin duck nutrition: effect on growth performance and selected internal organ traits. Animals 2021, 11, 1018, doi: 10.3390/ani11041018.
- Kokoszyński D., Bernacki Z., Grabowicz M., Stańczak K.: Effect of corn silage and quantitative feed restriction on growth performance, body measurements, and carcass tissue composition in White Kołuda W31 geese. Poult Sci 2014, 93, 1993–1999, doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03833.
- Koley S., Samanta G.: Effect of dietary organic acids on feed quality, performance, gut milieu and blood profile of starter Khaki Campbell ducks. Indian J Anim Nutr 2011, 28, 325–330.
- Kowalska E., Kucharska-Gaca J., Kuźniacka J., Biesek J., Banaszak M., Adamski M.: Effects of legume-diet and sex of ducks on the growth performance, physicochemical traits of meat and fatty acid composition in fat. Sci Rep 2020, 10, 13465, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70508-x.
- Lee J.T., Bailey C.A., Cartwright A.L.: Guar meal, germ and hull fractions differently affect growth, performance and intestinal viscosity of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2003, 82, 1589–1595, doi: 10.1093/ps/82.10.1589.
- Liu Y., Li Y., Feng X., Wang Z., Xia Z.: Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum modulates serum lipid metabolism, meat quality, and the amino acid and fatty acid composition of Peking ducks. Poult Sci 2018, 97, 3218–3229, doi: 10.3382/ps/pey162.
- Marcu A., Vacaru-Opriş I., Dumitrescu G., Marcu A., Petculescu Ciochină L., Nicula M., Dronca D., Kelciov B.: Effect of diets with different energy and protein levels on breast muscle characteristics of broiler chickens. Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013, 46, 333–340.
- Mateos G.G., Cámara L., Fondevila G., Lázaro R.P.: Critical review of the procedures used for estimation of the energy content of diets and ingredients in poultry. J Appl Poult Res 2019, 28, 506–525, doi: 10.3382/japr/pfy025.
- Park J., Knape K.D., Carey J.B.: Effects of a commercial beta-mannanase product on the performance, intestinal pH, and digesta viscosity of Pekin ducks. J Appl Poult Res 2019, 28, 447–453, doi: 10.3382/japr/pfz009.
- Percie du Sert N., Hurst V., Ahluwalia A., Alam S., Avey M.T., Baker M., Browne W.J., Clark A., Cuthill I.C., Dirnagl U., Emerson M., Garner P., Holgate S.T., Howells D.W., Karp N.A., Lazic S.E., Lidster K., MacCullum C.J., Macleod M., Pearl E.J., Petersen O.H., Rawle F., Reynolds P., Rooney K., Sena E.S., Silberberg S.D., Steckler T., Würbel H.: The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol 2020, 18, e3000410, doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410.
- Pestana J.M., Puerta B., Santos H., Madeira M.S., Alfaia C.M., Lopes P.A., Pinto R.M.A., Lemos J.P.C., Fontes C.M.G.A., Lordelo M.M., Prates J.A.M.: Impact of dietary incorporation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and exogenous enzymes on broiler performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Poult Sci 2020, 99, 2519–2532, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.069.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-ISO 6496:2002, Animal feeding stuffs - determination of moisture and other volatile substances. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2002, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-iso-6496-2002p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-EN ISO 14565:2002, Animal feeding stuffs -determination of vitamin A content - method using high-performance liquid chromatography. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2002, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-14565-2002e.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-ISO 6492:2005, Animal feeding stuffs – determination of fat content. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2005, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-iso-6492-2005p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-EN ISO 9831:2005, Animal feeding stuffs, animal products, and faeces and urine - determination of gross energy – bomb calorimetric method. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2005, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-9831-2005p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-ENISO 16472:2007, Animal feeding stuffs - determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre content (aNDF). PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2007, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-16472-2007p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-EN ISO 13906:2009, Animal feeding stuffs - determination of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents. PKN, Warsaw Poland, 2009, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-13906-2009p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-A-82109:2010, Meat and meat preparations - determination of fat, protein, and water content - Near Infrared Transmission Spectrometry (NIT) using Artificial Neural Network calibration. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2010, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-a-82109-2010p.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-EN 12822:2014, Foodstuffs determination of vitamin E by high-performance liquid chromatography - measurement of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2014, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-12822-2014-08e.html?options=cart.
- Polish Committee for Standardization: PN-ENISO 20483:201402, Cereal grains and pulses - determination of the nitrogen content and conversion to protein content - Kjeldahl method. PKN, Warsaw, Poland, 2014, https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-20483-2014-02p.html?options=cart.
- Puchajda H., Faruga A., Pudyszak K.: Effect of silages on the yield and quality of meat from two lines of goose. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 1997, 6, 141–147.
- Raja M.M.M., Raja A., Imran M.M.: Lactobacillus as a probiotic feed for chickens. Int J Poult Sci 2009, 8, 763–767, doi:10.3923/ijps.2009.763.767.
- Ravindran V., Tancharoenrat P., Zaefarian F., Ravindran G.: Fats in poultry nutrition: digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016, 213, 1–21, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.012.
- Reuben R.C., Roy P.C., Sarkar S.L., Rubayet Ul Alam A.S.M., Jahid I.K.: Isolation, characterization, and assessment of lactic acid bacteria toward their selection as poultry probiotics. BMC Microbiol 2019, 19, 253, doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1626-0.
- Ridla M., Allaily A., Nikmah F.K., Ramli N.: Performance of Mojosari Alabio males ducks fed complete ration silage. Anim Prod 2014, 16, 176–182, doi: 10.20884/1.jap.2014.16.3.465.
- Rocha J.J., Archer G.S.: The effect of supplementation with organic acid and oregano oils in drinking water on Pekin duck growth and welfare. Poultry 2024, 3, 95–106, doi: 10.3390/poultry3020009.
- Schiavone A., Romboli I., Chiarini R., Marzoni M.: Influence of dietary lipid source and strain on fatty acid composition of Muscovy duck meat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2004, 88, 88–93, doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2003.00463.x.
- Sulaiman A., Wijayanto H., Anwar K., Sumantri E., Biyatmoko D.: Performance and carcases percentage of Pekin duck supplied with sago pith silage as an energy source. Trop Wetl J 2022, 8, 22–28. doi: 10.20527/twj.v8i1.108.
- Suwignyo B., Suryanto E., Samur S.I.N., Hanim, C.: The effect of hay alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation in different basal feed on the feed intake (FI), body weight, and feed conversion ratio of hybrid ducks. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2021, 686, 012039, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/686/1/01239.
- Tejeda O.J., Kim W.K.: Effects of fiber type, particle size, and inclusion level on the growth performance, digestive organ growth, intestinal morphology, intestinal viscosity, and gene expression of broilers. Poult Sci 2021, 100, 101397, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101397.
- Thirumalaisamy G., Muralidharan J., Senthilkumar S., Hema Sayee R., Priyadharsini M.: Cost-effective feeding of poultry. Int J Sci Environ Technol 2016, 5, 3997–4005.
- Urdaneta-Rincon M., Leeson S.: Muscle (pectoralis major) protein turnover in young broiler chickens fed graded levels of lysine and crude protein. Poult Sci 2004, 83, 1897–1903, doi: 10.1093/ps/83.11.1897.
- Wang R., Wang X., Xiong Y., Cao J., Nussio L.G., Ni K., Lin Y., Wang X., Yang F.: Dietary paper mulberry silage supplementation improves the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Yangzhou goose. Animals 2024, 14, 359, doi: 10.3390/ani14030359.
- Wang X., Li G., Wang H., Liu Y., Yang Y., Wang C., Gong S., He D.: Feeding whole-plant ensiled corn stover affects growth performance, blood parameters, and cecal microbiota of Holdobagy goose. Front Vet Sci 2023, 10, 1210706, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1210706.
- Ward N.E.: Intestinal viscosity, broiler performance. Poult Digest 1996, 55, 12–16.
- Wasilewski R., Kokoszyński D., Włodarczyk K.: Fatty acid profile, health lipid indices, and sensory properties of meat from Pekin ducks of different origins. Animals 2023, 13, 2066, doi: 10.3390/ani13132066.
- Willems O.W., Miller S.P., Wood B.J.: Aspects of selection for feed efficiency in meat producing poultry. World’s Poult Sci J 2013, 69, 77–88, doi: 10.1017/S004393391300007X.
- Wu K., Pan Ch., Zhou S., Zhou F., Long G., Wu B.: Farming ducks in a maize field: a new and potential crop-livestock system from China. Agron Sustain Dev 2021, 41, 76, doi: 10.1007/s13593-021-00732-w.
- Zanin E., Horst E.H., Dario J.G.N., Krzezanovski C.K.B., Ruiz G., Fregonesi J.A., Silva C.A. da, Bumbieris Junior V.H.: Performance and feed preference of weaned piglets fed with corn grain silage subjected to different rehydration sources. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2023, 75, 485–499, doi: 10.1590/1678-416212812.
- Zaremba I., Grabowicz M., Biesek J.: Effect of beet pulp silage and various feeding methods on the performance and meat quality of broiler ducks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2024, 308, 115879, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.115879.
- Zaremba I., Grabowicz M., Biesek J.: Effects of feeding silage of beet pulp or maize on the growth performance, meat quality, and production economics of broiler ducks. Poult Sci 2024, 103, 103441, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103441.
- Ziołecki J., Doruchowski W.: Metody oceny wartości rzeźnej drobiu (Methods of evaluation of poultry slaughter value – in Polish). COBRD Publishing, Zakrzewo k. Poznań, Poland, 1989.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2026-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
Language: English
Page range: 279 - 292
Submitted on: Jul 21, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 10, 2026
Published on: Apr 16, 2026
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Bartosz Bigorowski, Sebastian Wlaźlak, Izabela Narloch, Szymon Różański, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.