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Methylation and expression dynamics in broiler liver following in-ovo sodium butyrate administration Cover

Methylation and expression dynamics in broiler liver following in-ovo sodium butyrate administration

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 70 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)
By: Aleksandra Beldowska,  Elżbieta Pietrzak and  Aleksandra Dunisławska  
Open Access
|Mar 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Relative expression of selected genes in the liver of 42-day-old Ross 308 broilers after in-ovo sodium butyrate administration on day 12 of incubation. Values above 1 indicate upregulation, and values below 1 indicate downregulation compared to the control. FC – fold change; 0.1% SB – group administered 0.1% sodium butyrate; 0.3% SB – group administered 0.3% sodium butyrate; 0.5% SB – group administered 0.5% sodium butyrate; ANGPTL4 – angiopoietin-like 4; CD72 – cluster of differentiation 72; CXCR5 – C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; CYR61 – cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61; IKZF1 – Ikaros transcription factor; KLHL6 – kelch-like family member 6; NR4A3 – nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3; SYK – spleen-associated tyrosine kinase; SERPING1 – serpin family G member 1. Data are presented as mean SEM (n = 8). Exact P-values shown above the brackets indicate significant differences between specific treatment groups (P-value < 0.05)

Fig. 2.

Extent of DNA methylation of selected genes in the liver of 42-day-old Ross 308 broilers after in-ovo sodium butyrate administration on day 12 of incubation. 0.1% SB – group administered 0.1% sodium butyrate; 0.3% SB – group administered 0.3% sodium butyrate; 0.5% SB – group administered 0.5% sodium butyrate; ANGPTL4 – angiopoietin-like 4; CD72 – cluster of differentiation; CXCR5 – C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; CYR61 – cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61; IKZF1 – Ikaros transcription factor; KLHL6 – kelch-like family member; NR4A3 – nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3; SERPING1 – serpin family G member 1; SYK – spleen-associated tyrosine kinase; TNFRSF14 – tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14. Data are presented as mean and SEM (n = 8). Exact P-values shown above the brackets indicate significant differences between specific treatment groups (P-value < 0.05)

Fig. 3.

Global DNA methylation levels in the liver of 42-day-old Ross 308 broilers after in-ovo sodium butyrate administration on day 12 of incubation. 5-mC – 5-methylcytosine; 0.1% SB – group administered 0.1% sodium butyrate; 0.3% SB – group administered 0.3% sodium butyrate; 0.5% SB – group administered 0.5% sodium butyrate. Data are presented as mean and SEM (n = 8). No significant effect was noted on global DNA methylation (P-value = 0.1441)

Primers for the panel of genes used for DNA methylation analysis

GeneNameMethylated (M)/unmethylated (U) Forward (F)/Reverse (R) primer sequencesReference
ANGPTL4angiopoietin-like 4MF: TAATTTTAACGGGAAGTATTTTCGTMR: CAACTTTAAAACTCTACCTCCAACGUF: TAATTTTAATGGGAAGTATTTTTGTUR: ACTTTAAAACTCTACCTCCAACACA12
CD72cluster of differentiation 72MF: AACGGGTTATGTGTCGTTATTAGTCMR: AAACTAAACCCTACTACCTTCTCGCUF: TGGGTTATGTGTTGTTATTAGTTGTUR: ACTAAACCCTACTACCTTCTCACA12
CXCR5C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5MF: AGAGGTTGGGATTTACGGTAATAACMR: ACAACTTTCTACCTTTACAAACGCTUF: AGGTTGGGATTTATGGTAATAATGTUR: ACAACTTTCTACCTTTACAAACACT12
CYR61cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61MF: TTTGGTTTTAGTGTTTAAAGACGTMR: TTATATTTACCTTCAAAAAAACGTAUF: TTTTGGTTTTAGTGTTTAAAGATGTUR: TATTTATATTTACCTTCAAAAAAACATA12
IKZF1Ikaros family zinc finger 1MF: GTAGTAGTAATTGTTGGAGGAGGCMR: AAAAATAACTTTACGAAACAACGAAUF: GTAGTAGTAATTGTTGGAGGAGGTGOR: AAAAATAACTTTACAAAACAACAAA12
KLHL6kelch-like family member 6MF: TTTTTTGGATAATGAGTGTTTAACGMR: AAACACCAAAAAAAATCCCGTAUF: TTTTTGGATAATGAGTGTTTAATGAUR: CTAAAACACCAAAAAAAATCCCATA12
NR4A3nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3MF: GGGAAAGGATAAAGTTTTTGTAGTCMR: AAACTCAAACGTAACCCTAAACGTAUF: GGGAAAGGATAAAGTTTTTGTAGTTGUR: AAACTCAAACATAACCCTAAACATA12
SERPING1serpin family G member 1MF: GGTAACGAGAGTTTGGATTTGTAACMR: CCTAAATAAACCCTAAAAACTACGCUF: TGGTAATGAGAGTTTGGATTTGTAATUR: CTAAATAAACCCTAAAAACTACACC12
SYKspleen-associated tyrosine kinaseMF: TATTAGGCGTTTTCGGGAACMR: AAATTAATACATTTACTCGCCGCTUF: GTTTATTAGGTGTTTTTGGGAATGAUR: CCAAATTAATACATTTACTCACCACT12
TNFRSF14tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14MF: GTTTTAGTTATTTTTGTTTTTACGTTCGTMR: CCGCTATCACTATACAACTTCTCGUF: AGTTATTTTTGTTTTTATGTTTGTUR: CACTATCACTATACAACTTCTCACC12

Primers for the panel of genes used to measure relative gene expression

GeneNameForward/reverse primer sequences ()Reference
ACTBactin βF: CACAGATCATGTTTGAGACCTTR: CATCACAATACCAGTGGTACG12
GAPDHglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenaseF: GGCACGCCATCACTATCR: CCTGCATCTGCCCATTT12
ANGPTL4angiopoietin-like 4F: TCCTCGATTCGCGAGTTCTGR: CAGGGCACTGGGAGCTG12
CD72cluster of differentiation 72F: AGGAAGGTAGGGCAGCAATGR: CTGACCTGAGGTTCGCCAAA14
CXCR5C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5F: GCTCTGACTGTAGGGTGACGR: TGAAATGATGGGCAGTGGCT14
CYR61cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61F: ATCGCTCGTTCAGACGCATAR: TGTCTGGGCTCCGCTAAAAG12
IKZF1Ikaros family zinc finger 1F: GCGTGTGAAAGAGCGACTTCR: GAACACTCCGCACAACACCT14
KLHL6kelch-like family member 6F: ATGGTTTCTGCGTCAACTCCR: CATCCTGGCTGGGATGCAATA12
NR4A3nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3F: GGCATCCCCGGAGTTTCTCTGR: TTTGACGAGGCCGCTCATT12
SERPING1serpin family G member 1F: GTCCTCGTGCCACACTTACCR: TTGACCAATGCTTGCCCACC14
SYKspleen-associated tyrosine kinaseF: AAGGGACAGCAATGGTTCCTR: AATTTAACAGACCTGCCAGAGG12
TNFRSF14tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14F: TGAGCACCATCAGGGGTATCR: AGGTACGGATGCTTCCCAAG14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2026-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 109 - 118
Submitted on: Jul 7, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 10, 2026
Published on: Mar 13, 2026
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
embryo stimulation,
molecular changes,
postbiotic,
poultry
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2026 Aleksandra Beldowska, Elżbieta Pietrzak, Aleksandra Dunisławska, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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