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Prevalence, risk factors and genetic diversity of Chlamydia felis in cats Cover

Prevalence, risk factors and genetic diversity of Chlamydia felis in cats

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing the probability of remaining infection-free by age in cats
Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing the probability of remaining infection-free by age in cats

Fig 2.

Prevalence of C. felis infection in cats by age group and breed
Prevalence of C. felis infection in cats by age group and breed

Fig 3.

Analysis of the partial ompA gene of C. felis and representatives of Chlamydia spp. The phylogenetic tree is based on 808-base-pair consensus alignment and was constructed by the maximum-likelihood method with best-fit model according to the Bayesian information criterion general time reversible model with free base frequencies, invariant sites and γ four-rate category distribution, with support values calculated from 1,000 bootstraps. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequences obtained in this study are marked in bold. GenBank accession numbers are shown in brackets
Analysis of the partial ompA gene of C. felis and representatives of Chlamydia spp. The phylogenetic tree is based on 808-base-pair consensus alignment and was constructed by the maximum-likelihood method with best-fit model according to the Bayesian information criterion general time reversible model with free base frequencies, invariant sites and γ four-rate category distribution, with support values calculated from 1,000 bootstraps. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequences obtained in this study are marked in bold. GenBank accession numbers are shown in brackets

Summary of demographic and clinical factors characterising the cats of which the conjunctival sacs were swabbed for Chlamydia felis testing

Number of tested cats
SexMale86
Female70
0–123
Age (years)2–347
4–732
≥854
European Shorthair87
BritishShorthair/Longhair16
Devon Rex7
Mixed breed19
Sphynx8
BreedMaine Coon4
Ragdoll5
Persian2
Scottish Fold4
Exotic Shorthair1
Siberian1
Siamese1
Norwegian Forest1
Cattery47
Stray43
Shelter14
OriginRaised from birth by one owner2
Adoption8
Other42
Evident conjunctivitisYes81
No75

Prevalence data for C_ felis in cats cross-referenced with demographic and clinical factors

Number of tested catsNumber of Chlamydiaceae/C. felis-positive cats
SexMale8610
Female702
Age (years)0–123-
2–3478
4–7323
≥8541
BreedEuropean Shorthair876
British Short-/Longhair163
Devon Rex72
Mixed-breed19-
Sphynx8-
Maine Coon4-
Ragdoll5-
Persian2-
Scottish Fold4-
Exotic Shorthair1-
Siberian1-
Siamese1-
Norwegian Forest11
OriginCattery475
Stray434
Shelter142
Raised from birth by one owner21
Adoption8-
Other42-
EvidentYes8111
conjunctivitisNo751

Demographic data and real-time PCR results (threshold cycle (Ct) values) for Chlamydiaceae- and C_ felis-positive cats from ocular swabs

Cat IDSexAge (months)BreedOriginChlamydiaceae-positive CtC. felis-positive Ct
Right eyeLeft eyeRight eyeLeft eye
23-10A(1/2)M36British LonghairCattery23.9724.6923.9024.40
23-91A(1/2)M6British ShorthairCattery23.06negative22.91negative
23-162A(1/2)M84European ShorthairRaised from birth by one ownernegative35.47negative34.19
23-340AM7European ShorthairShelter27.1not tested26.90not tested
23-393A(1/2)M18British ShorthairCattery31.23negative31.04negative
23-445A(1/2)M30Norwegian ForestShelternegative31.26negative30.84
23-716A(1/2)M24Devon RexCattery26.09negative26.05negative
24-1A (1/2)M12European ShorthairStraynegative25.66negative25.93
24-10A(1/2)F6European ShorthairStray31.9832.8332.1332.65
24-101A(1/2)M48European ShorthairStray31.3828.3330.7927.95
24-370A(1/2)Mnot availableDevon RexCattery35.7733.9135.5133.33
24-491A(1/2)F6European ShorthairStray29.26negative25.56negative
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 29, 2025
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Accepted on: Dec 15, 2025
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Published on: Dec 23, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska, Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka, Michał Woś, Ireneusz Balicki, Jowita Zwolska, Barbara Kuduk, Krzysztof Niemczuk, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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