Table 1.
Voivodeship distribution of Giardia duodenalis DNA in cattle in Poland
| Voivodeship | Animals tested (n) | PCR+ animals (n) | Prevalence (%) | Giardia duodenalis assemblage (n (%)) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | E | ||||
| LS | 108 | 9 | 8.3 | 1 (11.1) | - | 8 (88.9) |
| PM | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | 1 (14.3) | - | 6 (85.7) |
| ZP | 108 | 22 | 20.4 | 1 (4.8) | - | 20(95.2) |
| OP | 72 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 (33.3) | - | 2 (66.7) |
| DŚ | 90 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
| ŚL | 72 | 7 | 9.7 | 1 (25.0) | - | 3 (75.0) |
| PK | 72 | 3 | 4.2 | 1 (33.3) | - | 2 (66.7) |
| ŚK | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | - | - | 7 (100) |
| ŁD | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | - | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) |
| MP | 108 | 15 | 13.9 | - | 1 (6.7) | 14 (93.3) |
| LB | 108 | 27 | 25.0 | 5 (20.0) | - | 20 (80.0) |
| MZ | 108 | 23 | 21.3 | 1 (4.3) | - | 22 (95.7) |
| PD | 108 | 14 | 13.0 | 2 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | 10 (76.9) |
| WP | 108 | 14 | 13.0 | - | - | 14 (100) |
| WM | 108 | 6 | 5.6 | 1 (16.7) | - | 5 (83.3) |
| KP | 108 | 9 | 8.3 | - | - | 9 (100) |
| Total | 1,602 | 174 | 10.9 | 15 (9.0) | 3 (1.8) | 148 (89.2) |
1 LS – Lubuskie; PM – Pomorskie; ZP – Zachodniopomorskie; OP – Opolskie; DŚ – Dolnośląskie; ŚL –Śląskie; PK – Podkarpackie; ŚK – Świętokrzyskie; ŁD – Łódzkie; MP – Małopolskie; LB – Lubelskie; MZ – Mazowieckie; PD – Podlaskie; WP – Wielkopolskie; WM – Warmińsko-Mazurskie; KP – Kujawsko-Pomorskie; χ2 = 74.02; P-value < 0.001
Fig. 1.
Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis DNA in cattle by Polish voivodeship
Fig. 2.
Distribution of Giardia duodenalis assemblages among positive isolates from Polish cattle
Table 2.
Occurrence of Giardia duodenalis in individual breeds of Polish cattle
| Cattle breed | Animals tested (n) | PCR+ | Assemblage (n (%)) | Unidentified (n) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | A | B | E | |||
| HO | 944 | 93 | 9.9 | 10 (11.0) | 1 (1.1) | 80 (87.9) | 2 |
| MB | 142 | 22 | 15.5 | - | - | 17 (100) | 5 |
| ZB | 99 | 13 | 13.1 | 1 (7.7) | 1 (7.7) | 11 (84.6) | - |
| SM | 87 | 9 | 10.3 | 2 (22.2) | - | 7 (77.8) | - |
| RW | 69 | 7 | 10.1 | - | - | 6 (100) | 1 |
| LM | 37 | 6 | 16.2 | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 4 (66.7) | - |
| MO | 11 | 1 | 9.1 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| MS | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| CH | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| RP | 7 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| HF× | 40 | 1 | 2.5 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| BB, BS, JE | 6 | 1 | 16.7 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| Others (No data) | 143 | 21 | 14.7 | 1 (4.7) | 20 (95.3) | - | |
| Total | 1,601 | 174 | 10.9 | 15 (9.0) | 3 (1.8) | 148 (89.2) | 8 |
1 HO – Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian; MB – Mixed beef breeds; ZB – Polish Black and White; SM – Simmental; RW – Polish Red and White Holstein-Friesian; LM – Limousin; MO – Montbéliarde; MS – mixed dairy breeds; CH – Charolaise; RP – Red Polish; HF× – HO mixed with one of SM, BD, LM, ZB, BB, MB, MO or SM; BB – Belgian Blue; BS – Brown Swiss; JE – Jersey
Fig. 3.
Association of Giardia duodenalis prevalence with age of cattle