Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Association of Giardia prevalence with animal production system
| Production purpose | Animals tested (n) | PCR+ animals (n (%)) | Assemblage (n) | Unidentified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | E | ||||
| Dairy | 1,063 | 111 (10.4) | 13 | 2 | 92 | 4 |
| dairy/beef | 228 | 27 (11.8) | - | 1 | 24 | 2 |
| Beef | 281 | 32 (11.3) | 2 | - | 28 | 2 |
| Total | 1,572 | 170 (10.8) | 15 | 3 | 144 | 8 |
Occurrence of Giardia duodenalis in individual breeds of Polish cattle
| Cattle breed | Animals tested (n) | PCR+ | Assemblage (n (%)) | Unidentified (n) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | A | B | E | |||
| HO | 944 | 93 | 9.9 | 10 (11.0) | 1 (1.1) | 80 (87.9) | 2 |
| MB | 142 | 22 | 15.5 | - | - | 17 (100) | 5 |
| ZB | 99 | 13 | 13.1 | 1 (7.7) | 1 (7.7) | 11 (84.6) | - |
| SM | 87 | 9 | 10.3 | 2 (22.2) | - | 7 (77.8) | - |
| RW | 69 | 7 | 10.1 | - | - | 6 (100) | 1 |
| LM | 37 | 6 | 16.2 | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 4 (66.7) | - |
| MO | 11 | 1 | 9.1 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| MS | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| CH | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| RP | 7 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| HF× | 40 | 1 | 2.5 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| BB, BS, JE | 6 | 1 | 16.7 | - | - | 1 (100) | - |
| Others (No data) | 143 | 21 | 14.7 | 1 (4.7) | 20 (95.3) | - | |
| Total | 1,601 | 174 | 10.9 | 15 (9.0) | 3 (1.8) | 148 (89.2) | 8 |
Voivodeship distribution of Giardia duodenalis DNA in cattle in Poland
| Voivodeship | Animals tested (n) | PCR+ animals (n) | Prevalence (%) | Giardia duodenalis assemblage (n (%)) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | E | ||||
| LS | 108 | 9 | 8.3 | 1 (11.1) | - | 8 (88.9) |
| PM | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | 1 (14.3) | - | 6 (85.7) |
| ZP | 108 | 22 | 20.4 | 1 (4.8) | - | 20(95.2) |
| OP | 72 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 (33.3) | - | 2 (66.7) |
| DŚ | 90 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
| ŚL | 72 | 7 | 9.7 | 1 (25.0) | - | 3 (75.0) |
| PK | 72 | 3 | 4.2 | 1 (33.3) | - | 2 (66.7) |
| ŚK | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | - | - | 7 (100) |
| ŁD | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | - | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) |
| MP | 108 | 15 | 13.9 | - | 1 (6.7) | 14 (93.3) |
| LB | 108 | 27 | 25.0 | 5 (20.0) | - | 20 (80.0) |
| MZ | 108 | 23 | 21.3 | 1 (4.3) | - | 22 (95.7) |
| PD | 108 | 14 | 13.0 | 2 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | 10 (76.9) |
| WP | 108 | 14 | 13.0 | - | - | 14 (100) |
| WM | 108 | 6 | 5.6 | 1 (16.7) | - | 5 (83.3) |
| KP | 108 | 9 | 8.3 | - | - | 9 (100) |
| Total | 1,602 | 174 | 10.9 | 15 (9.0) | 3 (1.8) | 148 (89.2) |
Association of Giardia duodenalis prevalence in young Polish calves with age
| Age (weeks) | Animals tested (n) | Number of PCR+ animals (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | 251 | 30 (12.0) |
| 4–6 | 412 | 62 (15.0) |
| 7–9 | 330 | 35 (10.6) |
| ≥10 | 575 | 46 (8.0) |
| Total | 1,568 | 173 (11.0) |