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Fig. 4.
Descriptions and types of targets for qualitative real-time PCR methods prescribed by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Feed and Food (EURL GMFF) and used in official Polish monitoring of GM plant material in animal feed
| Target type | Detection target | Target description | EURL GMFF unique identifier | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | nptII | Neomycin phosphotransferase II | QL-ELE-00-002 | |
| CaMV p35S | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter | QL-ELE-00-012 | ||
| t-NOS terminator | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; nopaline synthase terminator | QL-ELE-00-013 | ||
| bar | phosphinothricin N-acetyl transferase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus | QL-ELE-00-014 | ||
| pFMV promoter | Figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter | QL-ELE-00-015 | ||
| pat | phosphinothricin N-acetyl transferase from Streptomyces viridochromogenes | QL-ELE-00-021 | ||
| Construct | CTP2-CP4-EPSPS | Chloroplast transit peptide 2 and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 | QL-CON-00-008 | |
| Soybean | MON 87705 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance and improved fatty acid profile | QT-EVE-GM-003 | |
| A2704-12 | With phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-GM-004 | ||
| MON 40-3-2 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-GM-005 | ||
| MON 89788 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-GM-006 | ||
| MON 87701 | With lepidopteran soybean pest resistance | QT-EVE-GM-010 | ||
| BPS-CV127-9 | With imidazolinone herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-GM-011 | ||
| Bt176 | With lepidopteran soybean pest resistance, phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance and ampicillin resistance marker | QT-CON-00-007 | ||
| Maize | 5307 | With coleopteran maize pest resistance and mannose utilisation marker | QT-EVE-ZM-002 | |
| NK603 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-ZM-008 | ||
| Bt11 | With phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance and lepidopteran maize pest resistance | QT-EVE-ZM-015 | ||
| T25, MON 88017 | T25: with phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance and ampicillin resistance marker | QT-EVE-ZM-016 | ||
| MON 810 | With lepidopteran maize pest resistance, glyphosate herbicide tolerance and neomycin/kanamycin resistance marker | QT-EVE-ZM-020 | ||
| Rapeseed | T45 | With phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-BN-001 | |
| Ms8 | With phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance and male sterility trait | QT-EVE-BN-002 | ||
| Rf3 | With phosphinothricin herbicide tolerance and fertility restoration trait | QT-EVE-BN-003 | ||
| Gt73 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-BN-004 | ||
| 73496 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-BN-009 | ||
| MON 88302 | With glyphosate herbicide tolerance | QT-EVE-BN-010 |
Results of genetically modified organism analyses in all commercial Polish animal feed samples from 2018 to 2024
| Matrix | Samples | Percentage of positive samples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | Positive | Negative | ||
| Soybean | 205 | 149 | 56 | 72.7 |
| Maize | 26 | 0 | 26 | 0.0 |
| Rapeseed | 26 | 0 | 26 | 0.0 |
| Compound feed | 60 | 22 | 38 | 36.7 |
| Total | 317 | 171 | 146 | 53.9 |
Number of analysed animal feed samples from 2018 to 2024
| Year | Number of samples analysed per year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soybean | Maize | Rapeseed | Compound feed | Total | |
| 2018 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 24 |
| 2019 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 39 |
| 2020 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 40 |
| 2021 | 29 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 44 |
| 2022 | 34 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 51 |
| 2023 | 37 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 58 |
| 2024 | 45 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 61 |
| Total | 205 | 26 | 26 | 60 | 317 |