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Detection of infectious agents in lungs of slaughtered pigs in association with cranioventral pulmonary consolidation Cover

Detection of infectious agents in lungs of slaughtered pigs in association with cranioventral pulmonary consolidation

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 69 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The mean values of cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) lesion scores in the lungs of slaughtered Polish pigs depending on the infectious agent. SD – standard deviation; GLAS – Glaesserella parasuis; MHP – Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; MHR – Mycoplasma hyorhinis; APP – Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; STREP – Streptococcus suis; PRRSV1/2 – porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1/2; PCV2/3 – porcine circovirus 2/3; swIAV – swine influenza A virus
The mean values of cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) lesion scores in the lungs of slaughtered Polish pigs depending on the infectious agent. SD – standard deviation; GLAS – Glaesserella parasuis; MHP – Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; MHR – Mycoplasma hyorhinis; APP – Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; STREP – Streptococcus suis; PRRSV1/2 – porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1/2; PCV2/3 – porcine circovirus 2/3; swIAV – swine influenza A virus

Within-herd prevalence of respiratory pathogens in PCR-positive Polish pig herds

PathogenNumber of positive farms (of 22 total)Within-herd prevalence (%)95% confidence intervalRangeMedian
APP120.0N/AN/AN/A
GLAS2167.655.8–79.410.0–95.075.0
MHP2192.485.7–99.135.0–100100
MHR1517.311.4–23.25.0–45.015.0
STREP227.517.1–37.920.0–35.027.5
PRRSV11240.023.0–57.05.0–10030.0
PRRSV2222.55.2–39.810.0–35.022.5
PCV21951.336.6–66.05.0–10045.0
PCV32132.422.4–42.45.0–80.020.0
swIAV220.013.1–26.915.0–25.020.0

Oligonucleotide primer and probe sequences used for detection of pathogens causing cranioventral pulmonary consolidation in slaughtered Polish pigs

PathogenTarget (gene)Oligonucleotide sequence (5′–3′)Reference
APPapxIVAapxIVANEST1-F: GGGGACGTAACTCGGTGATTapxIVANEST1-R: GCTCACCAACGTTTGCTCATapxIVAPr (probe): FAM-CGGTGCGGACACCTATATCT-BHQ1(42)
GLASinfBCTinfF1: CGACTTACTTGAAGCCATTCTTCTTCTinfR1: CCGCTTGCCATACCCTCTTCTinfP: FAM-ATCGGAAGTATTAGAATTAAGTGC-TAMRA(44)
MHPp102P102f: GTCAAAGTCAAAGTCAGCAAACP102r: AGCTGTTCAAATGCTTGTCCP102 probe: Cy5-ACCAGTTTCCACTTCATCGCCTCA-BHQ2(24)
MHRp37Mhr-p37-RT-F: TATCTCATTGACCTTGACTAACMhr-p37-RT-R: ATTTTCGCCAATAGCATTTGMhr-p37-Probe: FAM-CATCCTCTTGCTTGACTACTCCTG-BHQ1(43)
STREPrecNSSrecN-F: CTACAAACAGCTCTCTTCTSSrecN-R: ACAACAGCCAATTCATGGCGTGATT(13)
PCV2ORF1P1570: TGGCCCGCAGTATTCTGATTP1642: CAGCTGGGACAGCAGTTGAGP1591 (probe): FAM-CCAGCAATCAGACCCCGTTGGAATG-TAMRA(29)
PCV3repPCV3_353_F: TGACGGAGACGTCGGGAAATPCV3_465_R: CGGTTTACCCAACCCCATCAPCV3_418_probe: FAM-GGGCGGGGTTTGCGTGATTT-BHQ1(8)
swIAVM geneIAV-M1-F: AGATGAGTCTTCTAACCGAGGTCGIAV-M1-R1: TGCAAAAACATCTTCAAGTCTCTGIAV-M1-R2: TGCAAAGACACTTTCCAGTCTCTGIAV-M1-FAM (probe): FAM-TCAGGCCCCCTCAAAGCCGA-BHQ1(16)

Combinations of swine respiratory pathogens at the farm level in slaughtered Polish pigs examined by PCR

Combination of pathogensNumber of positive farms (of 22 total)Prevalence (%)95% Confidence interval
APP+GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV3731.816.4–52.6
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV1+PCV3+swIAV14.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV3+swIAV14.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV2+PCV3313.64.7–33.3
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV2+PCV214.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV2+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+STREP+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+STREP+PRRSV1+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV214.50.8–21.8
MHP+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8
GLAS+PCV2+PCV314.50.8–21.8

Mean cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) scores for different patterns of co-infection detected in the lungs of slaughtered Polish pigs

Pattern of co-infectionNumber of pigs affected (of 440 total)Mean CVPC score (± SD)P-value*
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV259.000.0517
MHP+MHR+PCV319.000.2065
MHP+MHR+PCV218.000.2519
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV218.000.2519
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV1+PCV247.250.4248
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV217.000.3020
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV3136.460.0321
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV356.200.5488
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2136.080.3212
APP+MHP+PRRSV126.000.2924
MHP+PRRSV1+PCV216.000.3729
GLAS+STREP+PCV2+PCV316.000.3729
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV345.750.1654
MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV325.500.9606
MHP+MHR25.000.8483
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV2+PCV215.000.4993
MHP+PRRSV1+PCV3+swIAV15.000.4993
GLAS+MHP+MHR204.950.5113
MHP+PRRSV1134.850.5047
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PCV2+PCV364.670.7993
MHP+PRRSV224.500.4687
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV124.500.7305
GLAS+MHP+MHR+PRRSV1+PCV324.500.8652
MHP384.16reference
PCV314.000.7172
MHP+PRRSV1+PCV334.000.8763
MHP+MHR+PCV2+PCV324.000.6539
APP+GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV214.000.7172
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV3+swIAV44.000.9670
MHP+PCV3193.950.9260
MHP+STREP33.670.8244
GLAS+MHP+PRRSV1273.480.4428
MHP+PCV2+PCV3173.470.7309
GLAS+MHP+PCV2353.370.3623
GLAS+MHP+PCV393.330.5240
GLAS+MHP583.170.2953
GLAS+MHP+PCV2+PCV3303.070.2003
MHP+PCV2263.040.3147
MHP+MHR+PRRSV113.000.9734
MHP+PRRSV2+PCV343.000.9067
GLAS42.000.2558
GLAS+MHP+swIAV12.000.5901
GLAS+MHP+STREP+PCV222.000.4519
APP+MHP+PRRSV1+PCV2+PCV312.000.5901
GLAS+MHP+STREP41.750.1960
GLAS+PCV2+PCV371.140.0199
GLAS+PCV2211.050.0002
PCV2+PCV341.000.0526
MHP+PCV2+swIAV11.000.3226
PCV280.380.0006
None20.500.0807
swIAV10.000.1320
GLAS+MHR10.000.1320
GLAS+STREP10.000.1320
GLAS+PRRSV1+PCV210.000.1320
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0049 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 353 - 362
Submitted on: Mar 20, 2025
Accepted on: Sep 12, 2025
Published on: Sep 22, 2025
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
pigs,
lung lesions,
cranioventral pulmonary consolidation,
PRDC
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2025 Arkadiusz Dors, Małgorzata D. Klimowicz-Bodys, Zbigniew Kuberka, Agnieszka Nowak, Sylwia Zębek, Kinga Urbaniak, Katarzyna Szymanek, Anna Rząsa, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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