Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Michał Zimecki; Jolanta Artym; Maja Kocięba; Ewa Zaczyńska; Angelika Sysak; Marianna Szczypka; Magdalena Lis; Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz; Aleksandra Zambrowicz; Łukasz Bobak

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044

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Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Journal of Veterinary Research

Volume 69 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)

By: Michał Zimecki , Jolanta Artym , Maja Kocięba , Ewa Zaczyńska , Angelika Sysak , Marianna Szczypka , Magdalena Lis , Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz , Aleksandra Zambrowicz and Łukasz Bobak

Open Access

|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Experimental design. Immunological determinations in (A) the model of contact sensitivity to oxazolone (OXA) and (B) the model of humoral response to ovalbumin (OVA). CP – cyclophosphamide

Changes in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mouse body weight during the experimental period. The results are presented as % of initial body weight (mean values) of mice from individual experimental groups from both research models: contact sensitivity to oxazolone and humoral response to ovalbumin. Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

Antigen specific increase in ear oedema in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice expressing contact sensitivity to oxazolone. The antigen-specific increase of ear thickness (the difference obtained by subtracting the baseline measurement from the measurement taken from sensitised mice) is presented as the mean value of ear thickness measured in eight mice (16 determinations) in mm ± standard error of the mean. * – statistically significant (P-value < 0.05); Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

Table 1.

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 13 d on total number of immune cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

	Total number of cells in the examined organs
	Thymus	Spleen	Lymph nodes	Bone marrow
Control	64.3 ± 4.9 ^ab	82.1 ± 10.7 ^a	36.1 ± 2.6 ^a	21.5 ± 1.3 ^a
Yolkin	68.8 ± 5.4 ^a	87.4 ± 12.9 ^a	39.1 ± 2.5 ^a	24.3 ± 2.4 ^a
CP/Control	48.7 ± 2.9 ^bc	61.6 ± 7.7 ^a	14.8 ± 1.7 ^b	14.7 ± 1.4 ^b
CP/Yolkin	60.0 ± 5.8 ^abc	75.8 ± 11.6 ^a	16.1 ± 0.8^b	14.9 ± 0.9 ^b
Thymocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺CD8⁺	CD4^–CD8^–	CD4⁺
Control	2.9 ± 0.6 ^a	41.6 ± 3.4 ^a	2.3 ± 0.2 ^ab	17.5 ± 1.7 ^a
Yolkin	2.9 ± 0.6 ^a	46.1 ± 4.2 ^a	2.7 ± 0.2 ^a	17.2 ± 1.6 ^a
CP/Control	1.5 ± 0.2 ^a	30.1 ± 4.5 ^a	1.4 ± 0.2 ^c	10.0 ± 2.1 ^a
CP/Yolkin	1.8 ±0.4 ^a	36.7 ± 5.8 ^a	1.5 ± 0.3 ^bc	15.4 ± 2.7 ^a
Splenocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺	CD14+CD169⁺	CD25⁺Foxp3⁺
Control	7.7 ± 1.7 ^a	15.25 ± 1.7 ^a	28.4 ± 3.9 ^a	44.6 ± 5.7 ^a	1.9 ± 0.2 ^a	6.9 ± 1.0 ^a
Yolkin	6.7 ± 1.8 ^a	15.41 ± 3.0 ^a	29.8 ± 5.7 ^a	48.0 ± 6.0 ^a	2.01 ± 0.2 ^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a
CP/Control	3.3 ± 0.6 ^a	7.8 ± 1.3 ^a	19.1 ± 1.4 ^a	33.7 ± 5.2 ^a	2.7 ± 0.5 ^a	6.1 ± 0.7 ^a
CP/Yolkin	5.9 ± 1.1 ^a	13.6 ± 2.4 ^a	25.5 ± 3.2 ^a	38.7 ± 6.8 ^a	3.1 ± 0.6 ^a	6.2 ± 1.2 ^a
Mesenteric lymph node cells
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺
Control	5.4 ± 0.6 ^a	21.1 ± 1.8 ^a	25.3 ± 2.1 ^a	10.2 ± 0.6 ^a
Yolkin	4.6 ± 0.1^a	21.1 ± 1.6 ^a	25. 9 ± 1.8 ^a	9.2 ± 1.5^a
CP/Control	2.1 ± 0.2 ^b	9.9 ± 1.1 ^b	12.0 ± 1.4 ^b	2.3 ± 0.3^b
CP/Yolkin	2.6 ± 0.1 ^b	10.4 ± 0.5 ^b	12.7 ± 0.5 ^b	3.1 ± 0.3^b
Bone marrow cells
	CD19⁺
Control	12.8 ± 0.9 ^ab
Yolkin	14.5 ± 1.4 ^a
CP/Control	9.7 ± 0.8 ^bc
CP/Yolkin	9.0 ± 0.9 ^bc

1 The results are presented as the number of cells (×10⁶) of appropriate lymphocyte subpopulations (mean ± standard error of the mean); values with different letters in the column differ significantly (P-value < 0.05)

The levels of antibodies to ovalbumin in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice followed by 26-d oral treatment with yolkin. The data are presented as mean and individual values of the antibody levels on a logarithmic scale. Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

Table 2.

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 26 d on the total number of cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

	Total number of cells in the examined organs
	Thymus	Spleen	Lymph nodes	Bone marrow
Control	97.3 ± 3.5 ^a	141.2 ± 6.7 ^a	34.05 ± 1.4 a^b	20.3 ± 1.0 a^b
Yolkin	94.3 ± 2.8 ^ab	126.9 ± 3.7 ^a	37.5 ± 2.9 ^a	21.1 ± 1.2 ^a
CP/Control	82.1 ± 3.1 ^bc	82.0 ± 6.2 ^b	24.7 ± 1.9 ^c	11.6 ± 0.8 ^c
CP/Yolkin	93.0 ± 4.5 ^abc	92.9 ± 5.2 ^b	30.6 ± 2.6 ^abc	20.2 ± 2.0 ^ab
Thymocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺CD8⁺	CD4^–CD8^–	CD4⁺
Control	3.9 ± 0.4 ^a	59.2 ± 4.2 ^a	7.3 ± 1.4 ^a	25.9 ± 1.8 ^a
Yolkin	4.1 ± 0.4 ^a	54.9 ± 2.7 ^ab	6.0 ± 0.5 ^a	28.6 ± 3.3 ^a
CP/Control	4.1 ± 0.5 ^a	43.0 ± 2.3 ^c	5.1 ± 0.5 ^a	30.1 ± 1.5 ^a
CP/Yolkin	4.9 ± 0.7 ^a	50.4 ± 1.8 ^abc	5.1 ± 0.5 ^a	32.6 ± 2.2 ^a
Splenocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺	CD14⁺CD169⁺	CD25⁺Foxp3⁺
Control	12.6 ± 0.6 ^a	24.5 ± 1.0 ^a	48.6 ± 2.8 ^a	76.8 ± 3.3 ^a	3.4 ± 0.4 ^a	11.4 ± 0.8 ^a
Yolkin	8.1 ± 0.4 ^b	20.5 ± 1.1 ^ab	38.7 ± 1.2 ^b	75.3 ± 3.4 ^a	4.5 ± 0.8 ^a	10.4 ± 0.5 ^a
CP/Control	4.4 ± 0.8 ^c	14.2 ± 1.7 ^c	25.4 ± 3.3 ^c	44.4 ± 2.4 ^b	3.1 ± 0.4 ^a	6.6 ± 0.5 ^b
CP/Yolkin	7.3 ± 0.9 ^b	15.4 ± 1.1 ^bc	31.1 ± 2.2 ^bc	52.0 ± 3.4 ^b	4.0 ± 0.8 ^a	7.2 ± 0.7 ^b
Mesenteric lymph node cells
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺
Control	4.2 ± 0.4 ^a	19.6 ± 0.7 ^a	22.5 ± 1.6 ^a	9.9 ± 1.3 ^a
Yolkin	4.2 ± 0.3 ^a	19.7 ± 1.3 ^a	23.0 ± 1.2 ^a	13.2 ± 2.1 ^a
CP/Control	3.3 ± 0.4 ^a	17.4 ± 1.5 ^a	20.6 ±.1.8 ^a	3.2 ± 0.4 ^b
CP/Yolkin	4.0 ± 0.4 ^a	21.6 ± 1.7 ^a	24.9 ± 2.1 ^a	4.0 ± 0.7 ^b
Bone marrow cells
	CD19⁺
Control	13.8 ± 0.6 ^a
Yolkin	12.6 ± 0.8 ^ab
CP/Control	7.7 ± 0.5 ^c
CP/Yolkin	13.1 ± 0.6 ^ab

1 The results are presented as the number of cells (×10⁶) of the appropriate lymphocyte subpopulations (mean ± standard error of the mean); values with different letters in the column differ significantly (P-value < 0.05)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)

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Language: English

Page range: 395 - 403

Submitted on: Feb 24, 2025

Accepted on: Sep 1, 2025

Published on: Sep 6, 2025

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

yolkin,

vitellogenin degradation product

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Molecular biology,

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2025 Michał Zimecki, Jolanta Artym, Maja Kocięba, Ewa Zaczyńska, Angelika Sysak, Marianna Szczypka, Magdalena Lis, Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Aleksandra Zambrowicz, Łukasz Bobak, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 69 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)

Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Table 1.

Fig. 4.

Table 2.

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