Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis gene assemblages in dogs and cats by age group
| Dogs (n =1,937) | Cats (n =1,077) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | <1y | >1y | <1y | >1y |
| Number of animals (n) | 491 | 1,446 | 217 | 860 |
| Giardia-positive (%) | 71 (14.5) | 148 (10.2) | 43 (19.8) | 33 (3.8) |
| Assemblages | ||||
| A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C | 19 | 58 | 0 | 0 |
| D | 41 | 85 | 0 | 0 |
| E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| F | 0 | 5 | 43 | 33 |
Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in different regions of Poland between 2005 and 2021
| Location in Poland | Clinical signs | Age | Origin | Detection method | Total | Positive | % | Assemblages | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dogs | |||||||||
| Lublin | asymptomatic | nd | city & rural comp. | ELISA | 86 | 46 | 53.5 | - | (17) |
| Warsaw | asymptomatic | nd | companion | IFA | 256 | 47 | 18.4 | - | (35) |
| Warsaw | nd | nd | nd | microscopy | 350 | 18 | 5.1 | A–I, C, D | (48) |
| Unknown | asymptomatic | > 1y | sled dogs | IFA | 108 | 31 | 28.7 | - | (4) |
| West-central | nd | nd | comp. & shelter | microscopy, PCR | 148 | 3 | 2.0 | C, D | (41) |
| Wrocław | symptomatic | 3m–10y | companion | POC lateral flow coproantigen ELISA, PCR | 128 | 27 | 21.1 | B, C, D | (32) |
| Masovian Voivodeship and Lesser Poland Voivodeship | nd | nd | companion | microscopy | 207 | 37 | 17.8 | - | (5) |
| Warsaw | mixed | >1y | shelter | microscopy, PCR | 74 | 20 | 27.0 | C, D, F | (40) |
| Masovian Voivodeship | nd | 3w–16y | nd | microscopy | 3613 | 299 | 8.3 | - | (6) |
| Pomeranian Voivodeship, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodship, Silesian Voivodeship, Lodz Voivodeship, Holy Cross Voivodeship, Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Subcarpathian Voivodeship | mixed | >2m–11y | companion | PCR | 217 | 13 | 6.0 | C, D | (31) |
| Cats | |||||||||
| Warsaw | asymptomatic | nd | city comp. | IFA | 81 | 10 | 12.3 | - | (35) |
| Warsaw | nd | nd | companion | IFA, PCR | 160 | 6 | 3.8 | A, B, D | (20) |
| Wrocław | symptomatic | 3m–10y | companion | POC lateral flow coproantigen ELISA, PCR | 33 | 5 | 15.2 | A, F | (32) |
| nd | mixed | >1y | companion & stray | PCR | 63 | 3 | 4.8 | F | (22) |
| Warsaw | mixed | >1y | shelter | microscopy, PCR | 13 | 6 | 46.2 | D, F | (40) |
| Masovian Voivodeship | nd | 3w–16y | nd | microscopy | 1612 | 93 | 5.8 | - | (6) |
| Pomeranian Voivodeship, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship, Silesian Voivodeship, Lodz Voivodeship, Holy Cross Voivodeship, Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Subcarpathian Voivodeship | mixed | >2m–11y | companion | PCR | 76 | 3 | 3.9 | A, F | (31) |