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Chemical coding of piglets small intestine neurons after prenatal exposure to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Cover

Chemical coding of piglets small intestine neurons after prenatal exposure to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 69 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)
By: Aleksandra Dajnowska,  Katarzyna Kras,  Ewa Tomaszewska,  Piotr Dobrowolski,  Renata Klebaniuk,  Siemowit Muszyński and  Marcin Bartłomiej Arciszewski  
Open Access
|Apr 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Prenatal effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on the area occupied by cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-immunoreactive (IR), substance P (SP)-IR, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-IR, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-IR nerve fibres in the muscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (a, b and c), the submucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (d, e and f), and the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (g, h and i) in newborn piglets prenatally supplemented with HMB and control piglets. * – significant difference between the control and HMB groups at P-value < 0.05; ** – at P-value < 0.01; *** – at P-value < 0.001
Prenatal effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on the area occupied by cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-immunoreactive (IR), substance P (SP)-IR, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-IR, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-IR nerve fibres in the muscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (a, b and c), the submucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (d, e and f), and the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (g, h and i) in newborn piglets prenatally supplemented with HMB and control piglets. * – significant difference between the control and HMB groups at P-value < 0.05; ** – at P-value < 0.01; *** – at P-value < 0.001

Fig. 2.

Representative photomicrographs of the immunohistochemical reactions for cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (A and B), substance P (SP) (C and D), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (E and F) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (G and H) in the duodenum (A, B, E and F) and jejunum (C, D, G and H) of control (A, C, E and G) and prenatally HMB-exposed (B, D, F and H) piglets. Arrow – positive reaction. Scale bar = 200 μm
Representative photomicrographs of the immunohistochemical reactions for cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (A and B), substance P (SP) (C and D), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (E and F) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (G and H) in the duodenum (A, B, E and F) and jejunum (C, D, G and H) of control (A, C, E and G) and prenatally HMB-exposed (B, D, F and H) piglets. Arrow – positive reaction. Scale bar = 200 μm

Primary and secondary antibodies used in the study

AntibodyHostCatalogue numberDilutionManufacturer
Primary antibody
anti-VIPrabbitab227361:400Abcam Limited, Cambridge, UK
anti-CARTrabbitH-003-621:2,000Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA, USA
anti-nNOSrabbit1608701:200Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
anti-SPmouseab141841:1,000Abcam Limited, Cambridge, UK
Secondary antibody
anti-mouse/anti-rabbitgoatDPVB-HRPRTUImmunoLogic, Duiven, the Netherlands
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0024 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 249 - 255
Submitted on: Nov 11, 2024
Accepted on: Apr 1, 2025
Published on: Apr 19, 2025
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
ENS,
HMB,
pigs,
prenatal supplementation,
small intestine
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2025 Aleksandra Dajnowska, Katarzyna Kras, Ewa Tomaszewska, Piotr Dobrowolski, Renata Klebaniuk, Siemowit Muszyński, Marcin Bartłomiej Arciszewski, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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