Table 1.
Occurrence of Staphylococcus species in milk by sheep breed
| Staphylococcus aureus | S. xylosus | S. simulans | S. lentus | S. condimenti | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breed | Uhruska (n = 16) | 10 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
| Świniarka (n = 19) | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Total (n = 35) | 20 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |
| %* | 57.2 | 22.8 | 14.3 | 2.85 | 2.85 |
Table 2.
Characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from Polish ewes of the Uhruska (n = 16) and Świniarka (n = 19) breeds
| Breed | Species | Number of isolates | MDR | Phenotypic resistance profiles | Resistance and virulence gene profiles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uhruska | S. aureus | 1 | R: P10 | ||
| 1 | R: DA2 | ||||
| 1 | I: TE30, C30 | cat (pC221), tetL | |||
| 1 | 5 | R: P10, TE30, C30 | cat (pC194) | ||
| I: E15 | |||||
| 1 | I: E15 | mrs A | |||
| 1 | 3 | R: P10 | |||
| I: QD15, DA2 | |||||
| 1 | 3 | I: TE30, CIP5, C30 | cat (pC221), tetL, tetK | ||
| 1 | 4 | I: E15, CN10, TE30, C30 | cat (pC221), cat (pC194), tetL, aph(3)-IIIa, seB | ||
| 1 | R: E15 | tetL, erm A, erm B | |||
| I: TE30, DA2, | |||||
| 1 | 4 | R: FOX30, P10 | cat (pC221), cat (pC194), tetL, mecC, aph(3)-IIIa, αcc(6’)-Ie- | ||
| I: CN10, TE30, C30 | |||||
| S. xylosus | 1 | R: FOX 30, P10 | |||
| S. condimenti | 1 | R: P10 | |||
| S. simulans | 1 | R: TE30 | tetK, tetL, aph(3)-IIIa | ||
| 1 | 3 | R: FOX 30, P10, TE30 | tetK | ||
| I: DA2 | |||||
| 1 | 4 | R: FOX 30, P10, E15, TE30 | mecC, ermB, cat (pC194), tetK, tetL, aph(3)-IIIa, blaZ | ||
| I: DA2 | |||||
| 1 | R: TE30 | cat (pC194) | |||
| Świniarka | S. aureus | 4 | susceptible | ||
| 2 | I: DA2 | ||||
| 1 | R: P10 | ||||
| 1 | R: P10 | ||||
| I: E15 | |||||
| 1 | I: E15 | ||||
| 1 | 4 | I: E15, DA2, TE30, C30 | cat (pC221), tetL | ||
| 3 | R: FOX30, P10 | ||||
| S. xylosus | 1 | R: P10 | tetM, aph(3)-IIIa, blaZ | ||
| 1 | R: FOX30, P10 | tetM, mecC, aph(3)-IIIa, αcc(6’)-Ie- | |||
| 1 | 4 | R: FOX30, P10,TE30 | tetM, tetK, mecC, aph(3)-IIIa, msrA | ||
| I: E15, RD5 | |||||
| 1 | R: FOX 30, P10, TE30 | tetM, tetL, aph(3)-IIIa | |||
| S. lentus | 1 | 5 | R: FOX 30, P10, E15, CN10, TE30 | ||
| I: DA2 | |||||
| S. simulans | 1 | 3 | R: FOX30, P10, E15 | ||
| I: RD5 |
Table 3.
Phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus strains isolated from Polish ewes of the Świniarka and Uhruska breeds
| Antimicrobial | Staphylococcus spp. n/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus (n = 20) | CoNS (n = 15) | Total | |
| FOX 30* | 1/5 | 11/73.3 | 12/34.3 |
| C 30* | 6/30 | 6/17.1 | |
| CIP 5 | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | |
| DA 2 | 6/30 | 3/20 | 9/25.7 |
| E15 | 7/35 | 4/26.6 | 11/31.4 |
| CN10 | 2/10 | 1/6.6 | 3/8.5 |
| P10* | 6/30 | 13/86.6 | 19/54.3 |
| RD 5 | 2/13.3 | 2/5.7 | |
| QD 15 | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | |
| TE 30 | 7/35 | 7/46.6 | 14/40 |
1 CoNS – coagulase-negative species; E15 – erythromycin 15 mg; FOX 30 – cefoxitin 30 mg; CN10 – gentamicin 10 mg; RD5 – rifampicin 5 mg; QD15 – quinupristin/dalfopristin 15 mg; DA2 – clindamycin 2 mg; P10 –penicillin 10 IU; TE30 – tetracycline 30 mg; CIP5 – ciprofloxacin 5 mg; C30 – chloramphenicol 30 mg;
Table 4.
Occurrence of resistance genes in Staphylococcus strains isolated from Polish ewes of the Świniarka and Uhruska breeds
| Resistance gene | Staphylococcus spp. % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus (n = 20) | CoNS (n = 15) | Total | |
| acc(6’)-Ie- | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | 2/5.7 |
| aph(3)-IIIa* | 2/10 | 6/40 | 8/22.8 |
| blaZ | 2/13.3 | 2/5.7 | |
| cat (pC194) | 3/15 | 2/13.3 | 5/14.2 |
| cat (pC221)* | 5/25 | 5/14.2 | |
| ermA | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | |
| ermB | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | 2/5.7 |
| mecC | 1/5 | 3/20 | 4/11.4 |
| msrA | 1/5 | 1/6.6 | 2/5.7 |
| tetK | 1/5 | 4/26.6 | 5/14.2 |
| tetL | 6/30 | 3/20 | 9/25.7 |
| tetM* | 4/26.6 | 4/11.4 | |
Table 5.
Phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus strains by sheep breed
| Antimicrobial | Staphylococcus spp. n/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Uhruska (n = 16) | Świniarka (n = 19) | Total | |
| Cefoxitin | 4/25 | 8/42.1 | 12/34.3 |
| Chloramphenicol* | 5/31.3 | 1/5.3 | 6/17.1 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1/6.3 | 1/6.6 | |
| Clindamycin | 6/37.5 | 3/15.8 | 9/25.7 |
| Erythromycin | 5/31.3 | 6/31.6 | 11/31.4 |
| Gentamicin | 2/12.5 | 1/5.3 | 3/8.5 |
| Penicillin | 8/50 | 11/57.8 | 19/54.3 |
| Rifampicin | 2/10.5 | 2/5.7 | |
| Streptogramin | 1/6.3 | 1/6.6 | |
| Tetracycline* | 10/62.5 | 4/21 | 14/40 |
Table 6.
Occurrence of resistance genes in Staphylococcus spp. by sheep breed
| Resistance gene | Staphylococcus spp. n/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Uhruska (n = 16) | Świniarka (n = 19) | Total | |
| acc(6’)-Ie- | 1/6.3 | 1/5.3 | 2/5.7 |
| aph(3)-IIIa | 4/25 | 4/21 | 8/22.8 |
| blaZ | 1/6.3 | 1/5.3 | 2/5.7 |
| cat (pC194)* | 5/31.3 | 5/14.2 | |
| cat (pC221) | 4/25 | 1/5.3 | 5/14.2 |
| ermA | 1/6.3 | 1/6.6 | |
| ermB | 2/12.5 | 2/5.7 | |
| mecC | 2/12.5 | 2/10.5 | 4/11.4 |
| msrA | 1/6.3 | 1/5.3 | 2/5.7 |
| tetK | 4/25 | 1/5.3 | 5/14.2 |
| tetL* | 7/43.7 | 2/10.5 | 9/25.7 |
| tetM | 4/21 | 4/11.4 | |