How does adulteration of wax foundation affect phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities as selected parameters of immunity in Apis mellifera? Cover

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How does adulteration of wax foundation affect phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities as selected parameters of immunity in Apis mellifera?

Journal of Veterinary Research

Volume 68 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

By: Aneta Strachecka , Magdalena Chęć , Krzysztof Olszewski , Patrycja Staniszewska , Piotr Dziechciarz and Mariusz Gagoś

Open Access

|Aug 2024

Figures & Tables

Effect of adulteration of wax foundation with paraffin and stearin on phenoloxidase (A) and lysozyme (B) activities in the haemolymph of A. mellifera worker bees
PA10% – paraffin 10%, n = 30; PA30% – paraffin 30%, n = 30; PA50% – paraffin 50%, n = 30; ST10% – stearin 10%, n = 30; ST30% – stearin 30%, n = 30; ST50% – stearin 50%, n = 30; * – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between the control group and a group with a certain percentage of adulteration with paraffin or stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); horizontal lines – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between an adulteration level of wax with paraffin and the same adulteration level of wax with stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); a, b, c – statistically significant differences between age cohorts for the same adulteration level of wax and the same adulterant (P-value ≤ 0.01); bars and whiskers – standard deviation — Effect of adulteration of wax foundation with paraffin and stearin on phenoloxidase (A) and lysozyme (B) activities in the haemolymph of A. mellifera worker bees PA10% – paraffin 10%, n = 30; PA30% – paraffin 30%, n = 30; PA50% – paraffin 50%, n = 30; ST10% – stearin 10%, n = 30; ST30% – stearin 30%, n = 30; ST50% – stearin 50%, n = 30; * – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between the control group and a group with a certain percentage of adulteration with paraffin or stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); horizontal lines – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between an adulteration level of wax with paraffin and the same adulteration level of wax with stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); a, b, c – statistically significant differences between age cohorts for the same adulteration level of wax and the same adulterant (P-value ≤ 0.01); bars and whiskers – standard deviation

Effect of adulteration levels of comb wax with paraffin and stearin (0%, 10%, 30% or 50%) in individual age cohorts of A_ mellifera worker bees (1, 7 and 14 days) on phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in haemolymph

Age of workers	Effect of adulteration level
	Paraffin		Stearin
	phenoloxidase activities	lysozyme activities	phenoloxidase activities	lysozyme activities
1 day	H₃ = 73.31	H₃ = 99.86	H₃ = 111.57	H₃ = 111.59
1 day	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000
7 days	H₃ = 111.58	H₃ = 110.83	H₃ = 111.59	H₃= 111.58
7 days	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000
14 days	H₃ = 111.58	H₃ = 111.57	H₃ = 111.58	H₃ = 110.58
14 days	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000	P-value = 0.000

Effect of age of A_ mellifera worker bees (1, 7 and 14 days) from broods from combs with one of four adulteration levels of wax with paraffin and stearin (0%, 10%, 30% or 50%) on phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in haemolymph

Activities	Effect of age
	Control	Paraffin			Stearin
	0%	10%	30%	50%	10%	30%	50%
phenoloxidase	H₂ = 79.13	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.12	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.12
phenoloxidase	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000
lysozyme	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.13	H₂ = 79.13	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.13	H₂ = 79.14	H₂ = 79.14
lysozyme	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000	P-value = 0.0000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0040 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608

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Language: English

Page range: 395 - 400

Submitted on: Dec 18, 2023

Accepted on: Jul 24, 2024

Published on: Aug 1, 2024

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

wax adulteration,

humoral immunity,

Related subjects:

Molecular biology,

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Veterinary medicine

© 2024 Aneta Strachecka, Magdalena Chęć, Krzysztof Olszewski, Patrycja Staniszewska, Piotr Dziechciarz, Mariusz Gagoś, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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