Fig. 1.
Effect of adulteration of wax foundation with paraffin and stearin on phenoloxidase (A) and lysozyme (B) activities in the haemolymph of A. mellifera worker bees
PA10% – paraffin 10%, n = 30; PA30% – paraffin 30%, n = 30; PA50% – paraffin 50%, n = 30; ST10% – stearin 10%, n = 30; ST30% – stearin 30%, n = 30; ST50% – stearin 50%, n = 30; * – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between the control group and a group with a certain percentage of adulteration with paraffin or stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); horizontal lines – statistically significant difference within an age cohort between an adulteration level of wax with paraffin and the same adulteration level of wax with stearin (P-value ≤ 0.01); a, b, c – statistically significant differences between age cohorts for the same adulteration level of wax and the same adulterant (P-value ≤ 0.01); bars and whiskers – standard deviation
Table 1.
Effect of adulteration levels of comb wax with paraffin and stearin (0%, 10%, 30% or 50%) in individual age cohorts of A. mellifera worker bees (1, 7 and 14 days) on phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in haemolymph
| Age of workers | Effect of adulteration level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paraffin | Stearin | |||
| phenoloxidase activities | lysozyme activities | phenoloxidase activities | lysozyme activities | |
| 1 day | H3 = 73.31 | H3 = 99.86 | H3 = 111.57 | H3 = 111.59 |
| P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | |
| 7 days | H3 = 111.58 | H3 = 110.83 | H3 = 111.59 | H3= 111.58 |
| P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | |
| 14 days | H3 = 111.58 | H3 = 111.57 | H3 = 111.58 | H3 = 110.58 |
| P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | P-value = 0.000 | |
Table 2.
Effect of age of A. mellifera worker bees (1, 7 and 14 days) from broods from combs with one of four adulteration levels of wax with paraffin and stearin (0%, 10%, 30% or 50%) on phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in haemolymph
| Activities | Effect of age | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Paraffin | Stearin | |||||
| 0% | 10% | 30% | 50% | 10% | 30% | 50% | |
| phenoloxidase | H2 = 79.13 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.12 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.12 |
| P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | |
| lysozyme | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.13 | H2 = 79.13 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.13 | H2 = 79.14 | H2 = 79.14 |
| P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | P-value = 0.0000 | |