Table 1.
Feed ingredients and chemical analysis of total mixed rations provided to the experimental animals
| Feed ingredients (kg per day per head) | |
|---|---|
| BULL 100 11.11* | 0.50 |
| Corn gluten feed | 0.60 |
| Alfalfa hay | 1.00 |
| Corn | 2.00 |
| Dry pulp | 1.00 |
| Straw | 0.80 |
| Corn silage | 5.65 |
| Soybean meal | 0.30 |
| Total | 11.85 |
| Dry matter (%) | 57.17 |
| Chemical composition | |
| Crude protein (%) | 13.16 |
| Ethereal extract (%) | 3.11 |
| Fibre (%) | 14.98 |
| Ash (%) | 6.07 |
| Neutral detergent fibre (%) | 38.93 |
| Starch (%) | 32.52 |
| Ca (g) | 69.47 |
| P (g) | 24.94 |
1 * – Bull 100 11.11 protein, vitamins and minerals premix: vitamin A (169,000 UI/kg), vitamin D3 (16,900 UI/kg), vitamin E (416 mg/kg), vitamin B1 (42 mg/kg), vitamin B12 (0.22 mg/kg), choline (845 mg/kg), niacinamide (1,793 mg/kg), manganous sulphate (191 mg/kg), manganous oxide (381 mg/kg), zinc chelate of amino acids (5,954 mg/kg), zinc oxide (742 mg/kg), copper sulphate pentahydrate (216 mg/kg), cobalt carbonate (2.2 mg/kg), potassium iodide (14.7 mg/kg), urea (49,500 mg/kg)
Fig. 1.
Mean values ± standard error of the mean of the studied parameters with statistical differences related to time, measured in the serum of bulls of the control group (CG) without yeast supplementation and the serum of bulls of group given 5 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YG). Lowercase letters indicate significant difference between time points found by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison
Table 2.
Mean values ± standard error of the mean of studied parameters with statistical differences related to group, measured in the serum of bulls of the control group (CG) without yeast supplementation and the serum of bulls of the group given 5 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YG)
| Serum parameters | Group | t0 | t1 | t2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein (g/L) | CG | 73.07 ± 0.45 | 72.40 ± 0.63 | 74.08 ± 0.40*** |
| YG | 71.47± 0.53 | 71.26 ± 0.51 | 76.91 ± 0.47*** | |
| Albumin (g/L) | CG | 34.46 ± 0.42 | 31.75 ± 0.34** | 33.41 ± 0.41** |
| YG | 33.84 ± 0.44 | 33.49 ± 0.34** | 35.20 ± 0.40** | |
| α1-globulins (g/L) | CG | 3.68 ± 0.12 | 3.35 ± 0.09 | 3.65 ± 0.25 |
| YG | 3.48 ± 0.08 | 3.19 ± 0.11 | 3.48 ± 0.08 | |
| α2-globulins (g/L) | CG | 8.52 ± 0.16 | 8.77 ± 0.12 | 8.47 ± 0.28 |
| YG | 8.66 ± 0.16 | 8.20 ± 0.18 | 9.09 ± 0.16 | |
| β1-globulins (g/L) | CG | 9.03 ± 0.38 | 8.14 ± 0.11 | 9.16 ± 0.21 |
| YG | 8.84 ± 0.25 | 8.54 ± 0.23 | 9.82 ± 0.19 | |
| β2-globulins (g/L) | CG | 9.78 ± 0.29 | 9.51 ± 0.28 | 9.77 ± 0.24 |
| YG | 9.21 ± 0.24 | 8.79 ± 0.21 | 10.15 ± 0.22 | |
| γ-globulins (g/L) | CG | 8.95 ± 0.51 | 10.89 ± 0.47** | 10.95 ± 0.37 |
| YG | 8.54 ± 0.34 | 9.05 ± 0.32** | 10.17 ± 0.36 | |
| A: G ratio | CG | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.79 ± 0.02*** | 0.80 ± 0.01 |
| YG | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.01*** | 0.83 ± 0.01 | |
| Haptoglobin (mg/L) | CG | 1.28 ± 0.07 | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.74 ± 0.06 |
| YG | 1.28 ± 0.09 | 0.49 ± 0.05* | 0.47 ± 0.04* |