Analysis of the season-dependent component in the evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Shetland ponies of both sexes during exercise

Analysis of the season-dependent component in the evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Shetland ponies of both sexes during exercise

Journal of Veterinary Research

Volume 68 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By:

Halina Tkaczenko

, Oleksandr Lukash

and Natalia Kurhaluk

Open Access

|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Activities of aminotransferases in the blood of Shetland pony mares and stallions before and after exercise in different photoperiods. A – activity of alanine aminotransferase; B – activity of aspartate aminotransferase # – statistically significant difference between the parameter before and the parameter after exercise (P-value < 0.05); ** – statistically significant difference between different seasons (P-value < 0.05). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation

Lactate and pyruvate dynamics in the blood of Shetland pony mares and stallions before and after exercise depending on the photoperiod. A – lactate; B – pyruvate; C – lactate-to-pyruvate ratio # – statistically significant difference between the parameter before and the parameter after exercise (P-value < 0.05); ** – statistically significant difference between different seasons (P-value < 0.05). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in winter

Parameters	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise
RBC, 10¹²/L	M	8.55 ± 1.40	9.10 ± 1.12	S	7.59 ± 1.53	7.37 ± 1.38
HGB, g/dL	M	15.08 ± 2.71	16.52 ± 1.66	S	12.25 ± 2.89	16.08 ± 3.29
HCT, %	M	42.50 ± 5.14	45.74 ± 1.11	S	34.15 ± 7.85	32.20 ± 5.42
MCV, fL	M	45.59 ± 2.48	46.31 ± 2.66	S	43.58 ± 3.73	44.01 ± 3.45
MCH, pg	M	17.86 ± 3.08	18.29 ± 1.89	S	16.13 ± 2.09	18.08 ± 5.22
MCHC, g/dL	M	35.37 ± 3.53	36.10 ± 3.32	S	35.86 ± 1.24	38.40 ± 1.10
RDW, %	M	17.18 ± 2.86	21.30 ± 0.68	S	18.07 ± 3.03	19.93 ± 1.10
PLT, ·10⁹/L	M	303.81 ± 63.11	278.54 ± 26.08	S	241.80 ± 55.29	262.30 ± 61.32
MPV, fL	M	11.03 ± 0.40	11.33 ± 0.45	S	10.95 ± 0.89	10.48 ± 1.03
PDW, %	M	36.23 ± 0.88	37.59 ± 0.82	S	33.42 ± 2.59	32.35 ± 4.73
WBC, 10⁹/L	M	7.00 ± 1.26	8.46 ± 2.94	S	6.90 ± 1.68	8.01 ± 1.65
LYM, 10⁹/L	M	1.76 ± 0.32	2.34 ± 0.91	S	2.05 ± 0.57	2.44 ± 0.93
MID, 10⁹/L	M	0.13 ± 0.08	0.28 ± 0.14	S	0.16 ± 0.09	0.24 ± 0.16
GRA, 10⁹/L	M	4.96 ± 1.28	4.83 ± 0.97	S	4.84 ± 1.39	5.23 ± 1.74
LY%	M	24.50 ± 5.12	29.87 ± 7.74	S	27.67 ± 6.90	31.38 ± 10.66
MI%	M	2.08 ± 1.37	3.71 ± 1.93	S	2.47 ± 1.66	3.01 ± 1.83
GR%	M	73.40 ± 5.75	67.27 ± 9.39	S	69.84 ± 7.42	66.49 ± 10.79

Standardised β-coefficients of the levels of haematological and biochemical parameters in Shetland ponies in relation to photoperiod, sex and exercise as factors bearing influence, as well as t-values with their significance (P-value)_ Parameterisation with σ-constants

Parameter	Factor	β-coefficient ± standard error of the mean	t	P-value
RBC, 1012/L	Sex	−0.408 ± 0.096	−4.254	0.000
RBC, 10¹²/L	Exercise	0.406 ± 0.191	2.116	0.035
HCT, %	Sex	−0.947 ± 0.029	−9.196	0.000
MCV, fL	Sex	−0.811 ± 0.260	−3.116	0.002
RDW, %	Seasons	0.596 ± 0.146	4.064	0.000
RDW, %	Exercise	0.433 ± 0.327	4.370	0.000
MPV, fL	Sex	−0.276 ± 0.054	5.094	0.000
WBC, 10⁹/L	Exercise	0.865 ± 0.313	2.763	0.006
GRA, 10⁹/L	Seasons	−0.276 ± 0.100	−2.746	0.006
GRA, 10⁹/L	Exercise	0.519 ± 0.225	2.306	0.022
ALT, U·L⁻¹	Seasons	−0.538 ± 0.089	−6.007	0.000
ALT, U·L⁻¹	Exercise	−0.378 ± 0.200	−6.883	0.000
AST, U·L⁻¹	Exercise	−0.568 ± 0.09	−8.725	0.000
Lactic acid, mmoL·L⁻¹	Exercise	0.264 ± 0.070	3.734	0.000
Lactate-to-pyruvate ratio	Exercise	0.580 ± 0.153	3.774	0.000

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in autumn

Parameters	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise
RBC,·10¹²/L	M	8.27 ± 0.83	8.93 ± 0.60	S	7.46 ± 1.36	7.75 ± 1.55
HGB, g/dL	M	15.18 ± 2.02	16.64 ± 2.59	S	12.04 ± 2.97	12.69 ± 3.47
HCT, %	M	43.22 ± 5.93	45.21 ± 5.09	S	33.59 ± 6.89	37.75 ± 7.90
MCV, fL	M	47.09 ± 3.13	44.91 ± 2.30	S	43.73 ± 3.12	47.25 ± 3.11
MCH, pg	M	18.45 ± 2.52	18.70 ± 3.08	S	16.03 ± 1.38	16.26 ± 1.97
MCHC, g/dL	M	35.21 ± 1.93	36.82 ± 4.32	S	35.68 ± 2.50	33.28 ± 2.19
RDW, %	M	19.88 ± 0.68	20.83 ± 0.69	S	19.96 ± 0.69	20.08 ± 1.24
PLT, 10⁹/L	M	277.63 ± 83.59	321.72 ± 61.29	S	276.20 ± 61.49	289.80 ± 82.93
MPV, fL	M	11.19 ± 0.31	11.44 ± 0.46	S	10.34 ± 0.58	10.72 ± 0.82
PDW, %	M	37.03 ± 0.68	36.96 ± 0.92	S	33.49 ± 2.34	34.28 ± 3.05
WBC, 10⁹/L	M	7.56 ± 1.34	8.66 ± 2.40	S	8.57 ± 3.10	7.06 ± 1.31
LYM, 10⁹/L	M	2.34 ± 0.90	2.82 ± 1.25	S	2.22 ± 0.41	2.27 ± 0.71
MID, 10⁹/L	M	0.30 ± 0.13	0.37 ± 0.37	S	0.31 ± 0.17	0.18 ± 0.13
GRA, 10⁹/L	M	4.84 ± 0.96	5.75 ± 1.24	S	5.49 ± 1.95	4.64 ± 0.98
LY%	M	30.92 ± 7.76	26.73 ± 10.84	S	27.41 ± 6.74	30.26 ± 8.36
MI%	M	4.01 ± 1.63	3.79 ± 2.43	S	4.14 ± 2.48	2.58 ± 1. 79
GR%	M	62.30 ± 8.99	70.37 ± 10.60	S	69.60 ± 8.55	67.16 ± 8.03

Test of total sum-of-squares model vs sum-of-squares residual model of the levels of haematological and biochemical parameters in Shetland ponies as well as t-values with their significance (P-value)_ The models account for the influence of photoperiod, sex and exercise factors

Parameter	R	R2	Adj R²	F	P-value
RBC, 1012/L	0.449	0.201	0.123	2.559	0.002
HCT, %	0.653	0.427	0.370	7.561	0.000
RDW, %	0.632	0.400	0.340	6.756	0.000
MPV, fL	0.487	0.237	0.162	6.856	0.000
PDW, %	0.635	0.403	0.344	6.856	0.000
GRA, 10⁹/L	0.415	0.172	0.090	2.113	0.012
ALT, U·L⁻¹	0.915	0.838	0.822	52.685	0.000
AST, U·L⁻¹	0.651	0.424	0.368	7.488	0.000
LDH, U·L⁻¹	0.592	0.350	0.286	5.477	0.000
Lactate-to-pyruvate ratio	0.420	0.176	0.095	2.173	0.009

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in spring

Parameters	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise
RBC,·10¹²/L	M	8.88 ± 1.58	9.12 ± 1.23	S	8.10 ± 0.73	7.93 ± 1.02
HGB, g/dL	M	15.37 ± 2.84	16.19 ± 1.98	S	13.74 ± 1.54	12.55 ± 1.78
HCT, %	M	42.56 ± 6.26	45.96 ± 2.37	S	38.11 ± 4.24	35.27 ± 4.84
MCV, fL	M	46.03 ± 6.83	47.83 ± 2.42	S	45.89 ± 3.43	44.45 ± 2.09
MCH, pg	M	17.48 ± 2.79	17.87 ± 2.01	S	17.01 ± 2.04	15.82 ± 0.77
MCHC, g/dL	M	36.14 ± 4.40	35.10 ± 2.60	S	36.17 ± 3.19	35.56 ± 0.59
RDW, %	M	17.73 ± 1.61	17.13 ± 2.70	S	18.02 ± 1.41	17.21 ± 3.25
PLT, ·10⁹/L	M	295.36 ± 65.90	285.45 ± 42.69	S	293.58 ± 43.66	306.70 ± 68.19
MPV, fL	M	11.27 ± 0.21	11.45 ± 0.44	S	10.63 ± 0.75	11.31 ± 1.35
PDW, %	M	37.26 ± 0.64	37.60 ± 0.78	S	34.51 ± 4.37	34.29 ± 3.07
WBC,·10⁹/L	M	7.65 ± 2.00	9.89 ± 3.24	S	8.02 ± 1.42	8.57 ± 1.82
LYM,·10⁹/L	M	2.30 ± 0.74	2.23 ± 0.65	S	2.31 ± 0.87	2.03 ± 0.37
MID,·10⁹/L	M	0.23 ± 0.13	0.21 ± 0.20	S	0.31 ± 0.22	0.25 ± 0.15
GRA,·10⁹/L	M	4.95 ± 1.94	7.03 ± 1.87	S	5.63 ± 1.10	6.17 ± 1.33
LY%	M	32.00 ± 9.41	22.81 ± 5.74	S	26.52 ± 9.87	24.21 ± 5.29
MI%	M	2.78 ± 1.52	2.14 ± 1.99	S	3.98 ± 3.18	2.90 ± 1.65
GR%	M	63.21 ± 13.27	70.13 ± 13.02	S	70.69 ± 9.42	72.68 ± 5.92

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in summer

Parameters	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise	Sex	Before exercise	After exercise
RBC,·10¹²/L	M	8.01 ± 1.45	8.59 ± 0.53	S	7.71 ± 1.03	8.99 ± 1.64
HGB, g/dL	M	14.44 ± 2.5	16.78 ± 1.78	S	13.62 ± 1.52	14.04 ± 1.99
HCT, %	M	43.13 ± 6.12	45.24 ± 4.59	S	39.57 ± 3.35	39.77 ± 5.67
MCV, fL	M	46.53 ± 2.95	45.95 ± 2.47	S	43.63 ± 3.58	44.74 ± 2.93
MCH, pg	M	18.05 ± 1.22	19.48 ± 1.04	S	15.98 ± 1.77	15.74 ± 1.23
MCHC, g/dL	M	33.44 ± 2.52	37.18 ± 2.83	S	30.87 ± 0.95	35.34 ± 1.55
RDW, %	M	17.77 ± 2.36	20.50 ± 0.49	S	17.52 ± 2.31	20.45 ± 1.22
PLT, 10⁹/L	M	250.18 ± 78.26	266.54 ± 43.30	S	262.30 ± 49.45	305.20 ± 56.66
MPV, fL	M	11.08 ± 0.38	11.76 ± 0.61	S	11.32 ± 0.86	10.74 ± 0.93
PDW, %	M	36.95 ± 0.86	37.51 ± 0.96	S	33.34 ± 3.02	34.84 ± 3.34
WBC, 10⁹/L	M	7.23 ± 1.58	7.80 ± 1.39	S	7.04 ± 1.32	8.25 ± 1.91
LYM, 10⁹/L	M	2.34 ± 0.86	2.39 ± 0.46	S	2.22 ± 0.72	2.22 ± 0.92
MID, 10⁹/L	M	0.17 ± 0.13	0.20 ± 0.15	S	0.16 ± 0.13	0.14 ± 0.21
GRA, 10⁹/L	M	4.75 ± 0.99	5.24 ± 1.82	S	4.69 ± 0.95	5.28 ± 1.53
LY%	M	30.29 ± 8.14	32.12 ± 8.45	S	29.62 ± 8.09	25.50 ± 8.06
MI%	M	2.33 ± 1.75	2.68 ± 2.11	S	2.32 ± 1.77	2.35 ± 3.27
GR%	M	67.38 ± 7.84	65.00 ± 8.66	S	68.07 ± 7.60	71.06 ± 7.23

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0017 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608

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Language: English

Page range: 155 - 166

Submitted on: Sep 28, 2023

Accepted on: Mar 13, 2024

Published on: Mar 23, 2024

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

seasonal changes,

Shetland ponies,

haematological parameters,

aminotransferases,

lactate dehydrogenase,

lactate-to-pyruvate ratio

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Molecular biology,

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2024 Halina Tkaczenko, Oleksandr Lukash, Natalia Kurhaluk, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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Analysis of the season-dependent component in the evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Shetland ponies of both sexes during exercise

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in winter

Standardised β-coefficients of the levels of haematological and biochemical parameters in Shetland ponies in relation to photoperiod, sex and exercise as factors bearing influence, as well as t-values with their significance (P-value)_ Parameterisation with σ-constants

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in autumn

Test of total sum-of-squares model vs sum-of-squares residual model of the levels of haematological and biochemical parameters in Shetland ponies as well as t-values with their significance (P-value)_ The models account for the influence of photoperiod, sex and exercise factors

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in spring

Blood morphological parameters in Shetland pony mares (M) and stallions (S) before and after exercise in summer

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