Occurrence of herpesvirus in fish

Fish species	Sample	PCRs*	Nested PCRs**	Sequence analysis (300 base pairs)	Remarks
Goldfish	Gill swabs and leukocytes		+/+	99% koi herpesvirus	Herpesvirus-positive
Crucian carp			+/+	99% koi herpesvirus
Koi			+/-	99% goldfish herpesvirus
Tilapia		All negative	+/-	98% goldfish herpesvirus
Grass carp	Gill swabs only***		+/-	82% carp pox virus
				78% koi herpesvirus
				78% goldfish herpesvirus
				79% sichel herpesvirus

1* – newly established PCR for goldfish herpesvirus according to Bercovier et al. (1) and Engelsma et al. (8);

1** – nested PCR according to Pokorova et al. (23);

1*** – these fish were too small for a 0.5 mL blood sample to be collected for leukocyte separation

Table 2.

Herpesvirus detection by different PCRs at 7 days post infection after intraperitoneal injection with goldfish herpesvirus (GHV) isolated from crucian carp

Fish species (n=4 for each)	New PCR for GHV	Bercovier et al. nested PCR (1)	Engelsma et al. nested PCR (8)	Assessments
Goldfish	0/4	2/4	2/4	KHV
Crucian carp	1/4	4/4	4/4	GHV / KHV
Koi	0/4	3/4	1/4	KHV
Tilapia	0/4	4/4	1/4	KHV
Grass carp	0/4	3/4	3/4	KHV

1 KHV – koi herpesvirus

Cumulative mortality in five species of fish after intraperitoneal infection with goldfish herpesvirus dpi – days post infection

Table 3.

Investigation of pooled samples from fish that died during the experiment

Fish species	Detected at 0 dpi	Detected in pooled samples	Overall assessments
Goldfish	KHV	GHV and KHV	Double infection
Crucian carp	KHV	GHV and KHV	Double infection
Koi	GHV	negative*	Double infection despite negative result
Tilapia	GHV	GHV	Double infection
Grass carp	new HV	GHV	Triple infection

1 KHV – koi herpesvirus; GHV – goldfish herpesvirus; HV – herpesvirus;

1* – below the detection limit after testing three pooled samples from two fish

Table 4.

Detection of herpesviruses at 20 days post infection after intraperitoneal injection with goldfish herpesvirus (GHV) isolated from crucian carp

Fish species	New GHV PCR	Bercovier et al. nested PCR (1)	Engelsma et al. nested PCR (8)	Assessments
Goldfish	0/6	1/6	0/6	KHV
Crucian carp	5/6	1/6	5/6	GHV/KHV
Koi	0/7	0/7	0/7	negative*
Tilapia	0/6	1/6	1/6	KHV
Grass carp	0/2	0/2	2/2	new HV

1* – below the detection limit

Evolutionary analysis by maximum-likelihood method comparing sequences from the NCBI database with the sequences obtained in this study

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)

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Language: English

Page range: 73 - 78

Submitted on: Aug 10, 2023

Accepted on: Feb 5, 2024

Published on: Mar 23, 2024

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

fish,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2024 Sven Michael Bergmann, Yingying Wang, Yingying Li, Qing Wang, Sandro Klafack, Yeonhwa Jin, Arndt Christian Hofmann, Jolanta Kielpinska, Anna Maria Becker, Weiwei Zeng, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 68 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Occurrence of herpesvirus in fish

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Table 1.

Table 2.

Fig. 1.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Fig. 2.

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