Table 1.
Source and origin characteristics of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup Leptospira interrogans isolates used in this study
| Strain identifier | Host | Tissue of origin | Clinical symptoms | Serovar | GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23112 | Human | Blood | Anorexia, fever | Copenhageni | |
| S72 | Horse | Foetal kidney | Abortion | Copenhageni | GCA_017653945.1 |
| X240 | Dog | Kidney | Anorexia, fever, prostration, death | Icterohaemorrhagiae | GCA_017653925.1 |
| R287 | Cow | Foetal kidney | Abortion | Copenhageni | GCA_017653725.1 |
| AB102 | Cow | Foetal kidney | Abortion | Copenhageni | |
| S606 | Cow | Foetal lung | Abortion | Copenhageni | GCA_017653855.1 |
| W26/2 | Hedgehog | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653845.1 |
| B33 | Badger | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653825.1 |
| B42 | Badger | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653785.1 |
| B126 | Badger | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Icterohaemorrhagiae | GCA_017654005.1 |
| B167 | Badger | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653985.1 |
| S1006 | Badger | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017654105.1 |
| S199/2 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Icterohaemorrhagiae | GCA_017653805.1 |
| S199/3 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017654025.1 |
| S199/4 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653755.1 |
| S199/5 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017654055.1 |
| S199/6 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017653965.1 |
| S199/7 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | |
| S199/12 | Brown rat | Kidney | Asymptomatic | Copenhageni | GCA_017654085.1 |
Table 2.
List of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup Leptospira reference strains used in the restriction endonuclease analysis
| Species | Serogroup | Serovar | Strain | Country | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Icterohaemorrhagiae | RGA | Belgium | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Copenhageni | M20 | Denmark | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Monymusk | LT 75-68 | Jamaica | Rat |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Budapest | PV-1 | Hungary | Laboratory rat |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Mankarso | Mankarso | Indonesia | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Naam | Naam | Indonesia | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Birkini | Birkin | Malaysia | Human |
| L. kirschneri | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Bogvere | LT 60-69 | Jamaica | Rat |
| L. kirschneri | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Dakota | Grand River | USA | Water |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Gem | Simon | Sri Lanka | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Lai | Lai | China | Human |
| L. kirschneri | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Mwogolo | Mwogolo | Zaire | Human |
| L. kirschneri | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Ndambari | Ndambari | Zaire | Human |
| L. kirschneri | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Ndahambukuje | Ndahambukuje | Zaire | Human |
| L. interrogans | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Smithi | Smith | Malaysia | Human |
| L. borgpetersenii | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Tonkini | LT 96-68 | Vietnam | Human |
Table 3.
Reciprocals of agglutination titres of a panel of three monoclonal antibodies with reference strains of the Copenhageni (M20) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (RGA) serovars of Leptospira interrogans and two field strains of the bacteria. The rest of the field strains gave the same results as those two representatives of each serovar
| Serovar | Strain | Monoclonal antibody | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F12C3 | F70C14 | F70C24 | ||
| Copenhageni | M20 | 10,000 | - | 10,000 |
| Copenhageni | AB102 | 10,000 | 10,000 | |
| Icterohaemorrhagiae | RGA | 30,000 | 10,000 | - |
| Icterohaemorrhagiae | X240 | 30,000 | 10,000 | - |
Fig. 1.
Restriction endonuclease analysis patterns of chromosomal DNA from Leptospira strains digested with EcoRI. Lanes: 1 – Icterohaemorrhagiae (RGA strain); 2 – Copenhageni (M20 strain); 3 – Monymusk (LT 75-68 strain); 4 – Budapest (PV-1 strain); 5 – Mankarso (Mankarso strain); 6 – Naam (Naam strain); 7 – Birkini (Birkin strain); 8 – Bogvere (LT 60-69 strain); 9 – Dakota (Grand River strain); 10 – Gem (Simon strain); 11 – Lai (Lai strain); 12 – Mwogolo (Mwogolo strain); 13 – Ndambari (Ndambari strain); 14 – Ndahambukuje (Ndahambukuje strain); 15 – Smithi (Smith strain); 16 – Tonkini (LT 96-68 strain)
Fig. 2.
Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree based on the 12 variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci (V4, V7, V9, V10, V11, V19, V27, V29, V30, V31, V36 and V50). As only a partial repeat was present in V23 for all studied isolates, this locus was omitted in the UPGMA cluster analysis. Different VNTR profiles of 19 isolates revealed 5 distinct genotypes (A to E)