Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Comparison of average haematological parameters of Polish black-and-white Holsteina-Friesian cattle setting heifers against pregnant cows
| Parameter | H | C |
|---|---|---|
| WBC (103/μL) | 9.11a ± 2.85 | 6.74b ± 1.76 |
| GRA (103/μL) | 4.35 ± 2.17** | 4.02 ± 1.30 |
| GRA% (%) | 46.49A ± 9.57** | 58.80B ± 5.66* |
| LYM (103/μL) | 4.09A ± 1.27** | 2.20B ± 0.49 |
| LYM% (%) | 46.10A ± 9.60** | 33.45B ± 4.82 |
| MON (103/μL) | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.51 ± 0.21 |
| MON% (%) | 7.41 ± 1.14 | 7.75 ± 1.98 |
| RDW (103/μL) | 19.96 ± 1.30 | 19.44 ± 1.66 |
| RBC (106/μL) | 8.46a ± 0.94** | 6.56b ± 0.49* |
| HGB (g/dL) | 12.21A ± 1.67* | 9.95B ± 0.98* |
| MCH (pg) | 14.44 ± 1.01 | 15.19 ± 1.16 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 35.08 ± 0.91* | 33.95 ± 0.57 |
| MCV (μm3) | 41.20A ± 3.09 | 44.72B ± 3.06* |
| MPV (μm3) | 6.76 ± 0.77 | 6.27 ± 0.62 |
| PCT (%) | 0.14 ± 0.07 | 0.26 ± 0.13 |
| PDW (%) | 40.59A ± 11.38* | 20.25B ± 4.03* |
| PLT (103/μL) | 206.52A ± 110.26** | 402.41B ± 224.99** |
| HCT (%) | 34.18A ± 6.05** | 29.31B ± 2.62 |
Average values of haematological parameters of Polish black-and-white Holstein-Friesian cattle, comparing those of non-pregnant heifers to those of pregnant cows grouped by length of pregnancy
| Parameter | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| WBC (103/μL) | 8.34 ± 2.03** | 7.30 ± 2.38** | 9.66 ± 4.46 |
| GRA (103/μL) | 4.26 ± 1.04 | 3.72 ± 1.31** | 5.34 ± 3.86 |
| GRA% (%) | 51.76 ± 8.86** | 51.70 ± 11.04** | 50.86 ± 12.66 |
| LYM (103/μL) | 3.43 ± 1.38** | 3.07 ± 1.50* | 3.58 ± 1.08 |
| LYM% (%) | 40.63 ± 8.85** | 40.91 ± 11.02** | 41.34 ± 12.40 |
| MON (103/μL) | 0.64 ± 0.23 | 0.52 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.33 |
| MON% (%) | 7.61 ± 1.86 | 7.40 ± 1.42 | 7.80 ± 0.55 |
| RDW (103/μL) | 19.42 ± 1.06 | 19.88 ± 1.72 | 20.36 ± 1.75 |
| RBC (106/μL) | 7.63 ± 1.10** | 7.44 ± 1.46** | 8.40 ± 0.58 |
| HGB (g/dL) | 11.06 ± 1.58** | 11.40 ± 2.32* | 11.59 ± 0.54 |
| MCH (pg) | 14.51 ± 0.84 | 15.36 ± 1.12 | 13.85 ± 1.13 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 34.34 ± 0.74* | 34.60 ± 1.05 | 35.45 ± 0.93 |
| MCV (μm3) | 42.28 ± 2.58 * | 44.44 ± 3.40 | 39.13 ± 3.56 |
| MPV (μm3) | 6.54 ± 0.81 | 6.50 ± 0.73 | 6.83 ± 0.66 |
| PCT (%) | 0.18 ± 0.11 | 0.19 ± 0.13 | 0.17 ± 0.08 |
| PDW (%) | 31.96 ± 13.08** | 29.53 ± 13.71** | 42.23 ± 11.63 |
| PLT (103/μL) | 290.17 ± 191.98** | 300.00 ± 219.29** | 248.88 ± 117.54 |
| HCT (%) | 32.15 ± 4.11** | 31.95 ± 7.52** | 32.73± 1.92 |
Reference values for haematological parameters of dairy cattle
| Reference value | |
|---|---|
| WBC | 4.0–12.0 (103/μL) |
| GRA | 0.6–4.0 (103/μL) |
| GRA% | 15.0–50.0 (%) |
| LYM | 2.5–7.5 (103/μL) |
| LYM% | 45.0–75.0 (%) |
| MON | 0.1–0.8 (103/μL) |
| MON% | 2.0–7.0 (%) |
| RDW | 16.0–24.0 (103/μL) |
| RBC | 5.0–10.0 (106/μL) |
| HGB | 8.0–15.0 (g/dL) |
| MCH | 11.0–18.0 (pg) |
| MCHC | 30.0–37.0 (g/dL) |
| MCV | 37.0–60.0 (μm3) |
| MPV | 5.5–7.5 (μm3) |
| PCT | 0.250–0.650 (%) |
| PDW | 10.0–20.0 (%) |
| PLT | 150–730 (103/μL) |
| HCT | 24.0–46.0 (%) |
Pearson’s correlation values for haematological parameters of cows’ blood
| WBC | RBC | HGB | HCT | PLT | LYM | MON | GRA | LYM% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC | 1 | 0.64145** | 0.58184** | 0.55768** | 0.12123ns | 0.71413** | 0.83838** | 0.87833ns | 0.03639ns |
| RBC | 1 | 0.94734** | 0.90814** | 0.12114ns | 0.68151** | 0.44398** | 0.35080** | 0.44345** | |
| HGB | 1 | 0.95365** | 0.03649ns | 0.66429** | 0.32751* | 0.26443* | 0.48052** | ||
| HCT | 1 | 0.06239ns | 0.58727** | 0.28291* | 0.28316* | 0.37719* | |||
| PLT | 1 | 0.04063ns | 0.09542ns | 0.13425ns | 0.15948ns | ||||
| LYM | 1 | 0.60442** | 0.29617* | 0.64392** | |||||
| MON | 1 | 0.69739** | 0.00841ns | ||||||
| GRA | 1 | 0.48615** | |||||||
| LYM% | 1 | ||||||||
| MON% | GRA% | MCV | MCH | MCHC | RDW | MPV | PCT | PDW | |
| WBC | 0.23363* | 0.07747ns | - | - | - | 0.36385* | 0.02595ns | 0.12563ns | 0.41233** |
| RBC | 0.30012* | 0.37933* | 0.45821** | 0.20889* | 0.64494** | 0.25965* | 0.01210ns | 0.12181ns | 0.56941** |
| HGB | 0.41980** | 0.39406** | 0.19525* | 0.08335ns | 0.73003** | 0.25594* | 0.01719ns | 0.03862ns | 0.45478** |
| HCT | 0.44251** | 0.28904* | 0.17111ns | 0.05845ns | 0.59783** | 0.23689* | 0.07609ns | 0.06153ns | 0.36950* |
| PLT | 0.04885ns | 0.14702ns | 0.17235ns | 0.17466ns | 0.07183ns | 0.03623ns | 0.15619ns | 0.99610** | 0.30944* |
| LYM | 0.15027ns | 0.60204** | 0.27350* | 0.09556ns | 0.45777** | 0.28579* | 0.06002ns | 0.03566ns | 0.40430** |
| MON | 0.27067* | 0.04035ns | 0.38371* | 0.26092* | 0.28212* | 0.36855* | 0.09669ns | 0.09607ns | 0.31521* |
| GRA | 0.27286* | 0.52385** | 0.24411* | 0.12630ns | 0.30521* | 0.29278* | 0.01533ns | 0.13912ns | 0.21823* |
| LYM% | 0.03879ns | 0.98379** | 0.13328ns | 0.03809ns | 0.23664* | 0.07820ns | 0.11351ns | 0.15558ns | 0.30458* |
| MON% | GRA% | MCV | MCH | MCHC | RDW | MPV | PCT | PDW | |
| MON% | 1 | 0.21733* | 0.30243* | 0.43501** | 0.46124** | 0.06582ns | 0.10003ns | 0.03840ns | 0.07662ns |
| GRA% | 1 | 0.18446ns | 0.11527ns | 0.14839ns | 0.08820ns | 0.12886ns | 0.14511ns | 0.28382* | |
| MCV | 1 | 0.93347** | 0.02221ns | 0.23940* | 0.05386ns | 0.16434ns | 0.45209** | ||
| MCH | 1 | 0.37543* | 0.16699ns | 0.03119ns | 0.16664ns | 0.28139* | |||
| MCHC | 1 | 0.16761ns | 0.05376ns | 0.07050ns | 0.36066* | ||||
| RDW | 1 | 0.05475ns | 0.03287ns | 0.20184* | |||||
| MPV | 1 | 0.09250ns | 0.36006* | ||||||
| PCT | 1 | 0.28095* | |||||||
| PDW | 1 |