Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage

Average values of haematological parameters of Polish black-and-white Holstein-Friesian cattle, comparing those of non-pregnant heifers to those of pregnant cows grouped by length of pregnancy

Parameter	Group 1 $\bar{x} \pm SD$	Group 2 $\bar{x} \pm SD$	Group 3 $\bar{x} \pm SD$
WBC (10³/μL)	8.34 ± 2.03**	7.30 ± 2.38**	9.66 ± 4.46
GRA (10³/μL)	4.26 ± 1.04	3.72 ± 1.31**	5.34 ± 3.86
GRA% (%)	51.76 ± 8.86**	51.70 ± 11.04**	50.86 ± 12.66
LYM (10³/μL)	3.43 ± 1.38**	3.07 ± 1.50*	3.58 ± 1.08
LYM% (%)	40.63 ± 8.85**	40.91 ± 11.02**	41.34 ± 12.40
MON (10³/μL)	0.64 ± 0.23	0.52 ± 0.15	0.75 ± 0.33
MON% (%)	7.61 ± 1.86	7.40 ± 1.42	7.80 ± 0.55
RDW (10³/μL)	19.42 ± 1.06	19.88 ± 1.72	20.36 ± 1.75
RBC (10⁶/μL)	7.63 ± 1.10**	7.44 ± 1.46**	8.40 ± 0.58
HGB (g/dL)	11.06 ± 1.58**	11.40 ± 2.32*	11.59 ± 0.54
MCH (pg)	14.51 ± 0.84	15.36 ± 1.12	13.85 ± 1.13
MCHC (g/dL)	34.34 ± 0.74*	34.60 ± 1.05	35.45 ± 0.93
MCV (μm³)	42.28 ± 2.58 *	44.44 ± 3.40	39.13 ± 3.56
MPV (μm³)	6.54 ± 0.81	6.50 ± 0.73	6.83 ± 0.66
PCT (%)	0.18 ± 0.11	0.19 ± 0.13	0.17 ± 0.08
PDW (%)	31.96 ± 13.08**	29.53 ± 13.71**	42.23 ± 11.63
PLT (10³/μL)	290.17 ± 191.98**	300.00 ± 219.29**	248.88 ± 117.54
HCT (%)	32.15 ± 4.11**	31.95 ± 7.52**	32.73± 1.92

1 Group 1 – pregnant cows up to the 45^th day of pregnancy (dop); Group 2 – pregnant cows between the 45^th and 50^th dop; Group 3 – non-pregnant heifers (group C00); $\bar{x}$ - mean; SD - standard deviation;

1** – statistical differences significant at the level of P ≤ 0.01;

1* – statistical differences significant at the level of P ≤ 0.05;

1 WBC – white blood cell count; GRA – granulocytes; GRA% – percentage of granulocytes; LYM – lymphocytes; LYM% –percentage of lymphocytes; MON – monocytes; MON% – percentage of monocytes; RDW – red blood cell distribution width; RBC – red blood cell count; HGB – the haemoglobin concentration; MCH – mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC – mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; MPV –mean platelet volume; PCT – thrombocrit; PDW – platelet distribution width; PLT – platelets; HCT – haematocrit

Table 2.

Comparison of average haematological parameters of Polish black-and-white Holsteina-Friesian cattle setting heifers against pregnant cows

Parameter	H $\bar{x} \pm SD$	C $\bar{x} \pm SD$
WBC (10³/μL)	9.11^a ± 2.85	6.74^b ± 1.76
GRA (10³/μL)	4.35 ± 2.17**	4.02 ± 1.30
GRA% (%)	46.49^A ± 9.57**	58.80^B ± 5.66*
LYM (10³/μL)	4.09^A ± 1.27**	2.20^B ± 0.49
LYM% (%)	46.10^A ± 9.60**	33.45^B ± 4.82
MON (10³/μL)	0.67 ± 0.23	0.51 ± 0.21
MON% (%)	7.41 ± 1.14	7.75 ± 1.98
RDW (10³/μL)	19.96 ± 1.30	19.44 ± 1.66
RBC (10⁶/μL)	8.46^a ± 0.94**	6.56^b ± 0.49*
HGB (g/dL)	12.21^A ± 1.67*	9.95^B ± 0.98*
MCH (pg)	14.44 ± 1.01	15.19 ± 1.16
MCHC (g/dL)	35.08 ± 0.91*	33.95 ± 0.57
MCV (μm³)	41.20^A ± 3.09	44.72^B ± 3.06*
MPV (μm³)	6.76 ± 0.77	6.27 ± 0.62
PCT (%)	0.14 ± 0.07	0.26 ± 0.13
PDW (%)	40.59^A ± 11.38*	20.25^B ± 4.03*
PLT (10³/μL)	206.52^A ± 110.26**	402.41^B ± 224.99**
HCT (%)	34.18^A ± 6.05**	29.31^B ± 2.62

1 H – heifers (Groups C00 + T1 + T2); C – pregnant cows; $\bar{x}$ – mean; SD – standard deviation;

1** – statistical differences significant at the level of P ≤ 0.01;

1* – statistical differences significant at the level of P ≤ 0.05;

1a, b, c – values in columns with different lowercase letters differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05);

1A, B, C – values in columns with different uppercase letters differ highly significantly (P ≤ 0.01);

1 WBC – white blood cell count; GRA – granulocytes; GRA% – percentage of granulocytes; LYM – lymphocytes; LYM% – percentage of lymphocytes; MON – monocytes; MON% – percentage of monocytes; RDW – red blood cell distribution width; RBC – red blood cell count; HGB – haemoglobin concentration; MCH – mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC – mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; MPV -mean platelet volume; PCT – thrombocrit; PDW – platelet distribution width; PLT – platelets; HCT – haematocrit

Table 3.

Reference values for haematological parameters of dairy cattle

	Reference value
WBC	4.0–12.0 (10³/μL)
GRA	0.6–4.0 (10³/μL)
GRA%	15.0–50.0 (%)
LYM	2.5–7.5 (10³/μL)
LYM%	45.0–75.0 (%)
MON	0.1–0.8 (10³/μL)
MON%	2.0–7.0 (%)
RDW	16.0–24.0 (10³/μL)
RBC	5.0–10.0 (10⁶/μL)
HGB	8.0–15.0 (g/dL)
MCH	11.0–18.0 (pg)
MCHC	30.0–37.0 (g/dL)
MCV	37.0–60.0 (μm³)
MPV	5.5–7.5 (μm³)
PCT	0.250–0.650 (%)
PDW	10.0–20.0 (%)
PLT	150–730 (10³/μL)
HCT	24.0–46.0 (%)

1 WBC – white blood cell count; GRA – granulocytes; GRA% – percentage of granulocytes; LYM – lymphocytes; LYM% – percentage of lymphocytes; MON – monocytes; MON% – percentage of monocytes; RDW – red blood cell distribution width; RBC – red blood cell count; HGB – haemoglobin concentration; MCH – mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC – mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; MPV – mean platelet volume; PCT – thrombocrit; PDW – platelet distribution width; PLT – platelets; HCT – haematocrit

Table 4.

Pearson’s correlation values for haematological parameters of cows’ blood

	WBC	RBC	HGB	HCT	PLT	LYM	MON	GRA	LYM%
WBC	1	0.64145**	0.58184**	0.55768**	0.12123ns	0.71413**	0.83838**	0.87833ns	0.03639ns
RBC		1	0.94734**	0.90814**	0.12114ns	0.68151**	0.44398**	0.35080**	0.44345**
HGB			1	0.95365**	0.03649ns	0.66429**	0.32751*	0.26443*	0.48052**
HCT				1	0.06239ns	0.58727**	0.28291*	0.28316*	0.37719*
PLT					1	0.04063ns	0.09542ns	0.13425ns	0.15948ns
LYM						1	0.60442**	0.29617*	0.64392**
MON							1	0.69739**	0.00841ns
GRA								1	0.48615**
LYM%									1
	MON%	GRA%	MCV	MCH	MCHC	RDW	MPV	PCT	PDW
WBC	0.23363*	0.07747ns	-	-	-	0.36385*	0.02595ns	0.12563ns	0.41233**
RBC	0.30012*	0.37933*	0.45821**	0.20889*	0.64494**	0.25965*	0.01210ns	0.12181ns	0.56941**
HGB	0.41980**	0.39406**	0.19525*	0.08335ns	0.73003**	0.25594*	0.01719ns	0.03862ns	0.45478**
HCT	0.44251**	0.28904*	0.17111ns	0.05845ns	0.59783**	0.23689*	0.07609ns	0.06153ns	0.36950*
PLT	0.04885ns	0.14702ns	0.17235ns	0.17466ns	0.07183ns	0.03623ns	0.15619ns	0.99610**	0.30944*
LYM	0.15027ns	0.60204**	0.27350*	0.09556ns	0.45777**	0.28579*	0.06002ns	0.03566ns	0.40430**
MON	0.27067*	0.04035ns	0.38371*	0.26092*	0.28212*	0.36855*	0.09669ns	0.09607ns	0.31521*
GRA	0.27286*	0.52385**	0.24411*	0.12630ns	0.30521*	0.29278*	0.01533ns	0.13912ns	0.21823*
LYM%	0.03879ns	0.98379**	0.13328ns	0.03809ns	0.23664*	0.07820ns	0.11351ns	0.15558ns	0.30458*
	MON%	GRA%	MCV	MCH	MCHC	RDW	MPV	PCT	PDW
MON%	1	0.21733*	0.30243*	0.43501**	0.46124**	0.06582ns	0.10003ns	0.03840ns	0.07662ns
GRA%		1	0.18446ns	0.11527ns	0.14839ns	0.08820ns	0.12886ns	0.14511ns	0.28382*
MCV			1	0.93347**	0.02221ns	0.23940*	0.05386ns	0.16434ns	0.45209**
MCH				1	0.37543*	0.16699ns	0.03119ns	0.16664ns	0.28139*
MCHC					1	0.16761ns	0.05376ns	0.07050ns	0.36066*
RDW						1	0.05475ns	0.03287ns	0.20184*
MPV							1	0.09250ns	0.36006*
PCT								1	0.28095*
PDW									1

1** – P ≤ 0.01;

1* – P ≤ 0.05;

1ns – P > 0.05;

1 WBC – white blood cell count; RBC – red blood cell count; HGB – haemoglobin concentration; HCT – haematocrit; PLT – platelets; LYM – lymphocytes; MON – monocytes; GRA – granulocytes; LYM% – percentage of lymphocytes; MON% – percentage of monocytes; GRA% – percentage of granulocytes; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; MCH – mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC – mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; RDW – red blood cell distribution width; MPV – mean platelet volume; PCT – thrombocrit; PDW – platelet distribution width

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 29^th day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 30^th day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 31^st day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 32^nd day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 35^th day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 37^th day of pregnancy

Transrectal ultrasound image showing late embryo development at around the 39^th day of pregnancy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0043 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)

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Language: English

Page range: 415 - 425

Submitted on: Feb 24, 2023

Accepted on: Jul 13, 2023

Published on: Sep 20, 2023

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Polish Holstein-Friesian cow,

haematological profile,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2023 Marcjanna Wrzecińska, Alicja Kowalczyk, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Władysław Kordan, Jose Pedro Araujo, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 67 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

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