Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Comparison of the final results for fish size, growth rate and efficiency of feed utilisation for vimba (Vimba vimba) fed different experimental prebiotic-supplemented diets for 55 days (Dunnett’s test, n = 3)
| Experimental group | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Control | BS | MB | CE | IN | ||||
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | |
| BW (g) | 3.11 ± 0.09 | 2.74 ± 0.28 | 0.025 | 3.04 ± 0.06 | 0.930 | 3.00 ± 0.02 | 0.708 | 2.96 ± 0.06 | 0.543 |
| TL (mm) | 74.5 ± 0.80 | 71.1 ± 2.50 | 0.025 | 74.2 ± 0.70 | 0.989 | 73.3 ± 0.80 | 0.598 | 73.4 ± 0.50 | 0.698 |
| K | 0.75 ± 0.00 | 0.76 ± 0.00 | 0.526 | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 0.877 | 0.76 ± 0.02 | 0.499 | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 0.999 |
| RGR (%/d) | 3.47 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.20 | 0.036 | 3.43 ± 0.04 | 0.960 | 3.41 ± 0.01 | 0.808 | 3.39 ± 0.04 | 0.665 |
| ITL (mm/d) | 0.57 ± 0.01 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.020 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.924 | 0.55 ± 0.02 | 0.509 | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 0.285 |
| FCR | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.97 ± 0.13 | 0.047 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.977 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.871 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.753 |
Comparison of histomorphometric analysis of the anterior and posterior intestines and livers in vimba fed different prebiotic-supplemented experimental diets for 55 days (Dunnett’s test, n = 6)
| Experimental group | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Control | BS | MB | CE | IN | ||||
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | mean ± SD | P | |
| Anterior intestine fold height (μm) | 398 ± 40 | 368 ± 28 | 0.708 | 396 ± 8 | 0.999 | 399 ± 36 | 0.990 | 360 ± 15 | 0.580 |
| Anterior enterocyte height (μm) | 38.2 ± 3.6 | 42.3 ± 2.5 | 0.232 | 41.2 ± 3.9 | 0.368 | 44.9 ± 4.3 | 0.025 | 34.2 ± 0.6 | 0.557 |
| Anterior intestine width (μm) | 94.2 ± 6.2 | 100.6 ± 4.8 | 0.471 | 90.0 ± 6.4 | 1.000 | 104.8 ± 11.9 | 0.134 | 90.2 ± 10.3 | 0.993 |
| Posterior intestine fold height (μm) | 330 ± 40 | 284 ± 32 | 0.103 | 335 ± 72 | 0.168 | 322 ± 37 | 0.706 | 316 ± 59 | 0.155 |
| Posterior enterocyte height (μm) | 41.4 ± 2.8 | 54.0 ± 22.7 | 0.130 | 41.4 ± 9.9 | 0.920 | 47.1 ± 6.3 | 0.983 | 40.2 ± 6.7 | 0.894 |
| Posterior intestine width (μm) | 96.5 ± 9.6 | 92.5 ± 12.8 | 0.992 | 100.9 ± 14.6 | 0.466 | 103.9 ± 11.5 | 0.807 | 94.7 ± 6.3 | 0.967 |
| Hepatocyte area (μm2) | 120 ± 10 | 133 ± 21 | 0.257 | 122 ± 10 | 0.986 | 109 ± 8 | 0.434 | 118 ± 10 | 0.995 |
| Hepatonucleus area (μm2) | 20.5 ± 1.1 | 21.9 ± 1.9 | 0.300 | 20.3 ± 1.7 | 1.000 | 19.5 ± 1.0 | 0.601 | 20.1 ± 1.6 | 0.983 |
| Hepatonuclear index (%) | 17.8 ± 1.2 | 17.4 ± 1.7 | 0.969 | 17.3 ± 1.6 | 0.932 | 18.6 ± 1.8 | 0.791 | 17.8 ± 1.2 | 1.000 |
Prebiotic supplements used in the experiment
| Group | Prebiotic name | Producer | Brief characteristics | Dosage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS | Leiber Beta-S | Leiber GmbH, Germany | High-purity 1.3-1.6-beta-D-glucan molecules from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.02% |
| MB | Biolex MB40 | Leiber GmbH, Germany | The cell walls of S. cerevisiae | 0.20% |
| CE | CeFi pro | Leiber GmbH, Germany | The cell contents and the cell walls of S. cerevisiae | 0.30% |
| IN | Inulin Orafti GR | BENEO-Orafti SA, Belgium | 93.4% inulin and 6.6% glucose+fructose+sucrose in dry matter | 1.00% |