Influence of direct-fed microbial blend and Ferula elaeochytris on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern and degradability during simulated ruminal acidosis

Figures & Tables

Parameter	Treatment						SEM	P-value
Parameter	Normal	Acidosis	NorPro	AcidPro	NorFE	AcidFE	SEM	Treatment	Time	Treatment Time ×
pH	6.75^a	5.59^b	6.76^a	5.72^b	6.76^a	5.74^b	0.10	0.0001	<0. 001	0.01
Ammonia, mmol/L	16.56	9.73	14.90	11.28	16.02	11.16	5.37	0.87	<0.001	0.35
Total VFA, mmol/L	57.04	52.79	54.60	47.52	54.52	55.53	5.83	0.88	0.04	0.80
Acetate, mmol/L	35.23	30.74	33.96	27.84	33.67	32.52	3.90	0.78	0.06	0.83
Propionate, mmol/L	10.63	10.60	10.31	9.03	10.50	11.21	1.25	0.87	0.03	0.80
Butyrate, mmol/L	1.35	1.22	1.29	1.20	1.32	1.24	0.24	0.99	0.01	0.53
Isobutyrate, mmol/L	6.37	7.11	5.77	6.46	5.66	7.74	1.31	0.86	0.02	0.43
Valerate, mmol/L	1.87	1.61	1.71	1.58	1.78	1.39	0.33	0.92	0.06	0.50
Isovalerate, mmol/L	1.59	1.52	1.47	1.40	1.59	1.46	0.10	0.71	0.04	0.82
Lactate, mmol/L	3.02	3.04	3.32	3.06	3.23	3.14	0.11	0.39	0.001	0.13
GAS, mL	54.00	39.40	46.20	34.20	34.20	36.50	11.46	0.79	<0.001	0.86
CO², mmol/L	22.30	19.84	21.49	17.98	21.44	20.90	2.29	0.79	0.05	0.82
CH⁴, mmol/L	15.63	13.33	15.04	12.26	14.87	14.09	1.94	0.82	0.07	0.82

Parameter	Barley	Straw	Alfalfa
Dry matter, %	90.76	93.12	93.21
Organic matter, %	88.58	86.00	84.63
Ether extract, %	2.45	1.55	2.08
Crude protein, %	10.50	2.82	23.45
Crude fibre, %	6.38	42.18	17.8
aNDFom, %	33.94	77.93	34.22
ADF, %	7.00	51.42	24.18
ME, MJ/kg	2.34	5.72	3.80
TDN, %	23.11	40.79	30.50
Volatile composition of FE, mg/g¹
α-pinene		2.167
Camphene		*
β-pinene		0.085
Verbenone		0.015
Elemene		0.011
1,4-cineole		0.012
Cis-verbenol		0.016
Trans-verbenol		0.048
Limonene		*
Myrtenol		0.010

Parameter	Normal	Acidosis	NorPro	AcidPro	NorFE	AcidFE	SEM⁴	P-value
Degradation (% of incubated)² Barley
Dry matter (DM)	86.36^ab	83.79^c	87.16^a	80.96^c	84.34^abc	82.24^c	0.80	<0.001
aNDFom³	48.48^a	38.78^a	51.52^a	28.09^b	40.87^a	32.93^a	3.02	<0.001
Organic matter (OM)	88.44^ab	86.26^bc	89.12^a	83.86^c	86.73^abc	84.95^c	0.68	<0.001
Total	87.62^a	85.29^b	88.35^a	83.33^b	85.79^ab	83.88^b	0.72	<0.001
Straw
Dry matter (DM)	35.89^a	26.35^b	35.71^a	20.39^c	38.92^a	34.69^a	1.41	<0.001
aNDFom³	23.39^a	12.00^b	23.18^a	14.88^b	27.01^a	21.97^a	1.68	<0.001
Organic matter (OM)	45.87^a	37.82^b	45.72^a	32.79^c	48.43^a	44.86^a	1.19	<0.001
Total	40.30^a	31.42^b	40.13^a	25.87^c	43.12^a	39.19^a	1.31	<0.001
Alfalfa
Dry matter (DM)	78.54^a	77.23^ab	78.89^a	76.35^ab	78.95^a	75.04^b	0.69	0.001
aNDFom	41.54^a	37.99^ab	42.5^a	35.59^ab	42.67^a	32.02^b	1.88	0.001
Organic matter (OM)	82.16^a	81.07^ab	82.45^a	80.34^ab	82.5^a	79.26^b	0.54	0.001
Total	80.00^a	78.78^ab	80.33^a	77.96^ab	80.38^a	76.74^b	0.64	0.001