Fig. 1
Morphological identification of parasites from sheep. A – parasites found in bile ducts of sheep; B – parasites fixed on slides with 75% alcohol after washing with phosphate buffered saline (0.01M, pH 7.2–7.4)
Table 1
Genetic diversity parameters of the three geographic populations of F. hepatica
| Genes | Populations | N | h | Hd | K | π |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urumqi | 45 | 18 | 0.909 ± 0.00089 | 3.160 | 0.00637 | |
| cox1 | Hami | 90 | 23 | 0.890 ± 0.00047 | 3.280 | 0.00661 |
| Kuqa | 9 | 6 | 0.833 ± 0.01600 | 2.722 | 0.00549 | |
| Total | 144 | 34 | 0.894 ± 0.00034 | 3.287 | 0.00663 | |
| Urumqi | 45 | 12 | 0.835 ± 0.00118 | 2.638 | 0.00400 | |
| nad1 | Hami | 90 | 25 | 0.7590 ± 0.00218 | 2.778 | 0.00421 |
| Kuqa | 9 | 6 | 0.889 ± 0.00828 | 2.583 | 0.00391 | |
| Total | 144 | 33 | 0.805 ± 0.00086 | 2.969 | 0.00450 |
Fig. 2
Median-joining network of F. hepatica isolates based on cox1 (A) and nad1 (B) genes’ haplotypes. The size of the circle indicates the frequency of the haplotype. The colour of the circle indicates the origin of the population. The green dot represents the default vertex
Fig. 3
Phylogenetic tree of haplotypes of different geographic populations of F. hepatica in Xinjiang. The tree is based on cox1 (A) and nad1 (B) and constructed with the neighbour-joining method
Table 2
Molecular variation analysis based on cox1 and nad1 gene sequences
| Source of variation | Gene | Degrees of freedom | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within | cox1 | 141 | 62.933 | 0.44634 Vb | 99.70 |
| populations | nad1 | 141 | 55.711 | 0.39511 Vb | 96.48 |
| Among | cox1 | 2 | 0.990 | 0.00133 Va | 0.30 |
| populations | nad1 | 2 | 1.844 | 0.01442 Va | 3.52 |
| Total | cox1 | 143 | 63.924 | 0.44767 | |
| nad1 | 143 | 57.556 | 0.40953 | ||
| F–statistic | cox1 | 0.04451, P > 0.05 | |||
| nad1 | 0.03520, P > 0.05 | ||||
Table 3
Neutrality indices based on cox1 and nad1 genes of F. hepatica in different geographical regions of Xinjiang
| Population | cox1 | nad1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tajima’s D | Fu’s Fs | Tajima’s D | Fu’s Fs | |
| Urumqi | –0.74410 | –7.514 | –0.72079 | –2.547 |
| Hami | –0.36276 | –8.659 | –1.94511* | –13.448 |
| Kuqa | –0.34120 | –1.395 | –0.55536 | –1.522 |
| Total | –1.01276 | –19.204 | –1.92702* | –19.881 |
Fig. 4
Mismatch distribution of haplotypes of the cox1 (A) and nad1 (B) genes. The number of nucleotide differences between pairs of sequences is indicated along the x–axis, and their frequency along the y–axis. Obs – observed value; Exp – expected value