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Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata) Cover

Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata)

Open Access
|Dec 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Comparison of results of SG qPCR and TaqMan qPCR tests to detect M. genavense
Comparison of results of SG qPCR and TaqMan qPCR tests to detect M. genavense

Fig. 2

Positive SG qPCR results during the second treatment of canary 3
Positive SG qPCR results during the second treatment of canary 3

Fig. 3

Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene, including Mycobacterium strains derived from treated canaries (cases: 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) and other avian strains selected from the GenBank NCBI database. The tree was constructed by a neighbour-joining algorithm. The bar indicates 0.001 bp sequence divergence
Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene, including Mycobacterium strains derived from treated canaries (cases: 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) and other avian strains selected from the GenBank NCBI database. The tree was constructed by a neighbour-joining algorithm. The bar indicates 0.001 bp sequence divergence

Description of birds before treatment, clinical signs (if any) and microscopic findings

CaseSpecies/breed/sex/age in years (y)Clinical signsAFB in faecesCryptosporidium galli in faeces
1Canary/lizard/4 y maleChronic dyspnoea+++
2Canary/yellow/2 y maleNo signs of disease+++
3Canary/ Raza Espanola/male 3 yChronic dyspnoea+/−++
4Canary/ Raza Espanola/male 4 yNo rectrices (growth of single deformed ones, which subsequently fell out)−/+
5Raza Espanola/Canary/ male 2 yNo signs of disease−/+++
6Bengalese finch/ red-brown/male 2 yNo signs of disease+++

Results of clinical, post-mortem and histopathological examinations, and PCR tests of organ tissues for M_ genavense

CaseClinical observations during treatmentObservations after treatmentNecropsy findingsHistopathologyResults of organ qPCR for M. genavense
1After three weeks ofThirteen monthsModerate liverLymphoplasmacytic periportalNegative
treatment, cessation ofafter treatmentenlargement andhepatitis with proliferating bile
crepitant rale at rest,completion, placedyellowing, grey foci upductules, cholestasis; chronic
occurrence of vocalisations;in a cage withto 1 mm on the liverenteritis;
after two months, cessationa female, which laidsurface,focal myocarditis and fibrosis;
of signs of stress-inducednormal eggs.cholecystolithiasis,membranoproliferative
dyspnoea.Fifteen months afterrenal oedema, right
During treatment, twotreatmentventricle dilation,glomerulopathy, bile droplets in
periods of watery diarrhoea:completion,inactive testes.tubular epithelial cells;
at the beginningdwelling on the splenic lymphoid depletion;
of treatment and one monthbottom of the cage, neuronal damage and gliosis.
after treatment initiation.hypothermia,
Bird showing susceptibilitypolyuria, ZN-negative
to stress.polydypsia,
anorexia.

2One month before treatmentOne month afterModerately goodHepatic lipidosis; chronic enteritis;Negative
completion, neurologicaltreatmentnutrition status, loss offat droplets in renal epithelial cells;
signs occurred. The signscompletion, after 10forebrain andsplenic lymphoid depletion;
receded followingdays of supportivehydrocephalus, liverneuronal damage, gliosis, focal
supportive treatment.treatment,yellowing and slightvacuolation of neuropil and
neurological signsenlargement, slightoedema.
returned. Thekidney and spleen
canary wasoedema, inactive testes.ZN-negative
euthanised.

3Complete cessation ofProlonged periodsModerately goodMultifocal to coalescing hepaticPositive
dyspnoea after 26 days ofof moulting.nutrition status,granulomas;
treatment.Periodic post-significant hepato- andintestinal crypt loss, fibrosis of the
exercise dyspnoea.splenomegaly, palenesslamina propria, and focal
Fourteen monthsof the liver and spleen,granulomatous enteritis;
after treatment,inactive testes.
moderately mesangioproliferative
numerous AFB in glomerulopathy, necrotic tubular
faeces, significant epithelial cells, lymphoid follicle
liver enlargement. formation in the interstitial tissue;
splenic coalescing granulomas;
a few mononuclear cells aggregated
closely to the leptomeninges,
gliosis and neuronal damage.
ZN-positive (liver, pancreas,
intestine, kidney, spleen and lungs).

4Good health throughout theProlonged periodsNot testedNot testedNot tested
treatment period.of moulting.

5Found dead after two weeksN/aN/aFungal pneumonia;Positive
of treatment. neuronal damage and gliosis.
A mistake in the procedure of
fixing the remaining tissues
prevented their histopathological
evaluation.
ZN-positive (liver, spleen and lungs
in cytology).

6Good condition throughout-Good nutrition statusHepatic lipidosis, proliferation ofPositive
the treatment period with and musculature,bile ducts, cholestasis fibrinoid
beak hyperplasia requiring moderate spleennecrosis of vascular walls; chronic
correction. Four months enlargement, activeenteritis;
after treatment initiation, the testes.splenic lymphoid depletion,
bird died owing to vascular fibrinoid necrosis;
haemorrhage after blood membranoproliferative
sampling from the external glomerulopathy,
jugular vein. bile droplets in tubular epithelial
cells;
neuronal damage and gliosis.
ZN negative

Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment blood counts

Leukocyte parameters
BT – beforeWBCHeterophilsLymphocytesMonocytesEosinophilsBasophils
treatment, AT – after treatment(g/L)(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)
Canary values reference (13) 4–950–8020–450–10–20–1
Case 1BT15.226571700
AT10.826641200
Case 2BT2332511700
AT16.3216751600
BT10.2818711100
Case 3AT7.45881100
Case 4BT13.75687700
AT8.32889500
Case 5BT725601320

Finch values reference (13) 3–820–6520–650–10–10–5
BT10.2818711100
Case 6AT7.145637502
Language: English
Page range: 415 - 423
Submitted on: Jun 4, 2021
Accepted on: Nov 25, 2021
Published on: Dec 13, 2021
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2021 Aleksandra Ledwoń, Izabella Dolka, Krzysztof Adamczyk, Piotr Szeleszczuk, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.