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First report of multiple drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq detected by in vivo and in vitro methods Cover

First report of multiple drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq detected by in vivo and in vitro methods

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 65 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)
By: Hiewa Othman Dyary and  Hamasalih Qadir Banaz  
Open Access
|Aug 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) by albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole on three farms in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. All anthelmintics failed to reduce the post-treatment FEC by 95%. Values represent the average FEC in 10 sheep (lines) and 95% confidence intervals (error bars)
Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) by albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole on three farms in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. All anthelmintics failed to reduce the post-treatment FEC by 95%. Values represent the average FEC in 10 sheep (lines) and 95% confidence intervals (error bars)

Fig. 2

Percentage of reduction in Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Trichuris spp. after treatment with anthelmintics on Arbat’s three sheep farms
Percentage of reduction in Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Trichuris spp. after treatment with anthelmintics on Arbat’s three sheep farms

Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of anthelmintics preventive of nematode egg hatchability

FarmIC50
Albendazole (μg/mL)Ivermectin (ng/mL)Levamisole (μg/mL)
10.076 ± 0.0048.030 ± 0.6921.470 ± 0.090
20.071 ± 0.0047.670 ± 0.6221.450 ± 0.140
30.072 ± 0.0078.200 ± 0.6151.390 ± 0.120

Percentage of third-stage larvae in the first 100 larvae isolated from a pooled post-treatment faecal sample of the control and treated groups

FarmPre-treatment FEC* (eggs/g)Percentage of larvae by genus
TrichostrongylusNematodirusTrichuris
1764.1 ± 45.282.012.06.0
2760.0 ± 48.176.015.09.0
3604.2 ± 37.886.08.06.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0047 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 293 - 299
Submitted on: Mar 22, 2021
Accepted on: Aug 3, 2021
Published on: Aug 19, 2021
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
albendazole,
anthelmintic resistance,
ivermectin,
levamisole,
larval development assay
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2021 Hiewa Othman Dyary, Hamasalih Qadir Banaz, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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