Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
First report of multiple drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq detected by in vivo and in vitro methods Cover

First report of multiple drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq detected by in vivo and in vitro methods

Open Access
|Aug 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) by albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole on three farms in Arbat District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. All anthelmintics failed to reduce the post-treatment FEC by 95%. Values represent the average FEC in 10 sheep (lines) and 95% confidence intervals (error bars)

Fig. 2

Percentage of reduction in Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Trichuris spp. after treatment with anthelmintics on Arbat’s three sheep farms

Table 1

Percentage of third-stage larvae in the first 100 larvae isolated from a pooled post-treatment faecal sample of the control and treated groups

TrichostrongylusNematodirusTrichuris
1764.1 ± 45.282.012.06.0
2760.0 ± 48.176.015.09.0
3604.2 ± 37.886.08.06.0

[i] * Values represent mean pre-treatment FECs in 40 sheep ± SEM

Table 2

Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of anthelmintics preventive of nematode egg hatchability

Albendazole (μg/mL)Ivermectin (ng/mL)Levamisole (μg/mL)
10.076 ± 0.0048.030 ± 0.6921.470 ± 0.090
20.071 ± 0.0047.670 ± 0.6221.450 ± 0.140
30.072 ± 0.0078.200 ± 0.6151.390 ± 0.120

[i] Values represent the mean of three tests ± SEM

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0047 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)
Language: English
Page range: 293 - 299
Submitted on: Mar 22, 2021
Accepted on: Aug 3, 2021
Published on: Aug 19, 2021
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2021 Hiewa Othman Dyary, Hamasalih Qadir Banaz, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.