Fig.1
Fig. 2
The nucleotide sequences of T_ ovis and other taeniids from GenBank used for phylogeny
| Species of parasite | Accession No. | Country | Host | Citation (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. ovis | AB731675 | New Zealand | Canine | Nakao et al., 2013 (17) |
| T. ovis | JX134111-JX134114 | Iran | Sheep | Rostami et al., 2019 (23) |
| JX134120-JX134122 | ||||
| T. solium | AB066491 | Ecuador | Pig | Nakao et al., 2002 (18) |
| T. saginata | AB533173 | Thailand | Human | Okamoto, 2016 unpublished |
| T. multiceps | DQ321830 | Italy | Sheep | Varcasia et al., 2006 (28) |
| T. hydatigena | MT086500 | Iraq | Sheep | Mohammed unpublished and Hama-Soor, 2020 |
| Echinococcus granulosus | GQ168811 | India | Buffalo | Pan et al., 2016 unpublished |
Nucleic acid substitution and related amino acid changes in the T_ ovis sheep profiles of six COX1 sequences in Iraq compared to New Zealand (accession number AB731675)
| Haplotype (present study) | No. and position of nucleotide substitution | Substitution of amino acid |
|---|---|---|
| IQTOH1 | 225 (T→C) | Tyr →Tyr |
| 264 (T→C) | Ile →Ile | |
| IQTOH2 | 163 (T→C) | Phe →Leu |
| 234 (G→T) | Leu →Leu | |
| IQTOH3 | 96 (T→G) | Cys →Trp |
| 183 (C→T) | Ile →Ile | |
| IQTOH4 | – No substitution | – No substitution |
| IQTOH5 | 223 (T→C) | Tyr →His |
| 345 (T→C) | Asp →Asp | |
| IQTOH6 | 144 (T→A) | Asp →Glu |
| 163 (T→C) | Phe →Leu | |
| 229 (C→T) | Leu →Phe | |
| 352 (C→T) | Leu →Phe |
Frequency distribution of C_ ovis cysts in sheep (NTotal number of examined sheep= 6,411) from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| Predilection sites | Number of infected (%) | 95% CI% | P value of X2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart muscle | 81(1.26) | 0.29–2.23 | |
| Diaphragm | 65(1.01) | 0.17–1.85 | |
| Intercostal muscles | 55(0.85) | 0.19–1.51 | < 0.05 |
| Abdominal muscles | 42(0.65) | 0.03–1.33 |
Haplotype distribution patterns of T_ ovis from Iraqi sheep based on mitochondrial COX1 gene with associated accession numbers
| Haplotype | Number of specimens (isolates) | GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|
| IQTOH1 | 13 | MW017206 |
| IQTOH2 | 8 | MW017207 |
| IQTOH3 | 6 | MW017208 |
| IQTOH4 | 4 | MW017209 |
| IQTOH5 | 3 | MW017210 |
| IQTOH6 | 1 | MW017211 |
Prevalence of C_ ovis cysts based on sex and age, in sheep (NTotal number of examined sheep = 6,411) from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| Sheep | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of examined | Number of infected (%) | 95% CI% | P value of X2 | ||
| Overall | 84(1.31) | 0.21–2.41 | |||
| Sex | Male | 3,438 | 54(1.57) | 0.82–2.32 | |
| Female | 2,973 | 30(1.00) | 0.21–1.79 | = 0.062 | |
| Age | Young (<1 y) | 3,009 | 25(0.83) | 0.33–1.33 | |
| Adult(>1 y) | 3,402 | 59(1.73) | 0.96–0.50 | < 0.001 | |