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Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats Cover

Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 65 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)
By: Haitao He and  Xi Chen  
Open Access
|Jul 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1a

Effects of luteolin on learning and memory impairment in 2-VO rats evaluated by the object recognition test one month after 2-VO surgery. Discrimination index was measured at one month after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 15 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; ** – P < 0.01, model group vs. sham group; ## – P < 0.01, luteolintreated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant
Effects of luteolin on learning and memory impairment in 2-VO rats evaluated by the object recognition test one month after 2-VO surgery. Discrimination index was measured at one month after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 15 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; ** – P < 0.01, model group vs. sham group; ## – P < 0.01, luteolintreated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant

Fig. 1b

Effects of luteolin on learning and memory impairment in 2-VO rats evaluated by the object recognition test three months after 2-VO surgery. Discrimination index was measured at three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 15 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; *– P < 0.05;** – P < 0.01, model group vs. sham group; * –P < 0.05, all three treatment groups vs. model group; ## –P < 0.01, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group
Effects of luteolin on learning and memory impairment in 2-VO rats evaluated by the object recognition test three months after 2-VO surgery. Discrimination index was measured at three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 15 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; *– P < 0.05;** – P < 0.01, model group vs. sham group; * –P < 0.05, all three treatment groups vs. model group; ## –P < 0.01, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group

Fig. 2

Effects of luteolin on the PI3K/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown in the relative intensity of PI3K subunits of p110α and representative Western blot images of important factors in the PI3K pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 4 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; PI3K – phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser; # – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant
Effects of luteolin on the PI3K/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown in the relative intensity of PI3K subunits of p110α and representative Western blot images of important factors in the PI3K pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 4 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; PI3K – phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser; # – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant

Fig. 3

Effects of Luteolin on the PI3K/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown as the relative intensity of PI3K subunits of p85 and representative Western blot images of important factors in the PI3K pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine– group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; PI3K – phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser;# – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant
Effects of Luteolin on the PI3K/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown as the relative intensity of PI3K subunits of p85 and representative Western blot images of important factors in the PI3K pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine– group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; PI3K – phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser;# – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant

Fig. 4

Effects of luteolin on the P-Akt/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown as the relative intensity of P-Akt and total Akt and representative Western blot images of important factors in the Akt pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; P-Akt – phosphorylated protein kinase B; Akt – protein kinase B; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser; # – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant
Effects of luteolin on the P-Akt/Akt pathway in the cerebral cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) of 2-VO rats shown as the relative intensity of P-Akt and total Akt and representative Western blot images of important factors in the Akt pathway three months after 2-VO surgery. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 in each groupSham – group subjected to sham two-vessel occlusion surgery; Model – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery without drug treatment; Lut 50 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w.; Lut 100 – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered luteolin at 100 mg/kg b.w.; Nimodipine – group subjected to two-vessel occlusion surgery and administered nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w.; P-Akt – phosphorylated protein kinase B; Akt – protein kinase B; β-actin – total protein amount normaliser; # – P < 0.05, model group vs. sham group; * – P < 0.05, luteolin-treated groups vs. model group; ns – non-significant

Escape latencies in the Morris water maze test in all groups of rats at 1 month after 2-VO surgery (seconds)

GroupNDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5
Sham1291.18 ± 5.8752.32 ± 6.0333.38 ± 5.6720.09 ± 4.8322.34 ± 2.1
Model1293.2 ± 8.5353.62 ± 6.0434.58 ± 5.6120.89 ± 4.9824.26 ± 4.56
Lut 5013100.9 ± 5.6555.26 ± 5.5232.75 ± 5.4930.63 ± 3.0824.71 ± 4.98
Lut 1001294.35 ± 5.9960.45 ± 2.7637.57 ± 6.1326.48 ± 6.1523.08 ± 3.36
Nimodipine12105.4 ± 5.4964.91 ± 3.439.98 ± 9.3324.78 ± 6.6525.28 ± 4.94

Escape latencies in the Morris water maze test in all groups of rats at 3 months after 2-VO surgery (seconds)

GroupNDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5
Sham1219.6 ± 5.8510.08 ± 4.819.367 ± 4.518.49 ± 4.346.21 ± 2.22
Model1244.34 ± 5.8837.96 ± 5.59##27.61 ± 5.55##35.3 ± 5.40##37.37 ± 6.07##
Lut 501320.6 ± 5.408.553 ± 4.16**7.66 ± 3.52**6.93 ± 3.33**5.77 ± 2.36**
Lut 1001226.76 ± 5.8410.76 ± 4.56**10.18 ± 4.77**9.89 ± 5.07**6.52 ± 3.02**
Nimodipine1256.24 ± 5.7635.33 ± 5.6035.52 ± 5.8229.72 ± 7.6534.48 ± 5.85

Swimming speed of rats on the fifth day in the Morris water maze test (cm/s)

GroupN1 month after 2-VO3 months after 2-VO
Sham1214.25 ± 4.7116.64 ± 5.70
Model1213.12 ± 3.2615.31 ± 5.46
Lut 501316.42 ± 5.0917.18 ± 6.07
Lut 1001215.07 ± 5.2416.09 ± 5.93
Nimodipine1213.25 ± 3.8716.21 ± 6.01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0037 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 341 - 349
Submitted on: Nov 19, 2020
Accepted on: Jun 16, 2021
Published on: Jul 5, 2021
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
luteolin,
nimodipine,
hypoperfusion,
hippocampus
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2021 Haitao He, Xi Chen, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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