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A pilot study on the effect of a novel feed additive containing exogenous enzymes, acidifiers, sodium butyrate and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on selected cellular immune indices and body weight gains of calves Cover

A pilot study on the effect of a novel feed additive containing exogenous enzymes, acidifiers, sodium butyrate and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on selected cellular immune indices and body weight gains of calves

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 65 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)
By:
Open Access
|Dec 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Results of: 1A the total count of white blood cells (WBCs); and differentiated leukocyte counts as 1B lymphocytes (LYM); 1C monocytes (MON); and 1D granulocytes (GRA) in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are presented as mean ± SD
Results of: 1A the total count of white blood cells (WBCs); and differentiated leukocyte counts as 1B lymphocytes (LYM); 1C monocytes (MON); and 1D granulocytes (GRA) in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are presented as mean ± SD

Fig. 2

Percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulations containing various surface antigens: 2A CD2+; 2B CD4+; 2C CD8+; and 2D WC4+ in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are expressed as mean ± SD
Percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulations containing various surface antigens: 2A CD2+; 2B CD4+; 2C CD8+; and 2D WC4+ in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are expressed as mean ± SD

Fig. 3

Cytometric analysis of phagocytic activity of: A – granulocytes and B – monocytes in the peripheral blood of the E and C calves with values expressed as percentages of phagocytic cells, and with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of the phagocytosis intensity of the phagocytic cells. All data are expressed as mean ± SD* – Statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 compared with the control
Cytometric analysis of phagocytic activity of: A – granulocytes and B – monocytes in the peripheral blood of the E and C calves with values expressed as percentages of phagocytic cells, and with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of the phagocytosis intensity of the phagocytic cells. All data are expressed as mean ± SD* – Statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 compared with the control

Fig. 4

Cytometric analysis of the oxidative burst activity of the granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of the calves from the E and C groups with values expressed as the percentage of cells that produce reactive oxidants and with the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of activity of cells with oxidative burst activity
Cytometric analysis of the oxidative burst activity of the granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of the calves from the E and C groups with values expressed as the percentage of cells that produce reactive oxidants and with the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of activity of cells with oxidative burst activity

Ingredient and nutrient composition of the calves’ basal diet

IngredientValue
Milk replacer
Crude protein (%)20.0
Crude oils and fats (%)8.0
Ash (%)6.0
Crude fibre (%)1.3
Calcium (%)0.7
Phosphorus (%)0.45
Sodium (%)0.1
Lysine (%)1.4
Vitamin A (IU/kg)10,000
Vitamin D3 (IU/kg)2,000
Vitamin E (mg/kg)80
Vitamin K3 (mg/kg)1.0
Vitamin B1 (mg/kg)4.3
Vitamin B2 (mg/kg)4.3
Vitamin B6 (mg/kg)4.3
Vitamin C (mg/kg)100
Niacinamide (mg/kg)6.6
Calcium D-pantothenate (mg/kg)8.6
Folic acid (mg/kg)0.35
Vitamin B12 (mg/kg)0.05
Biotin (mg/kg)0.07
Choline chloride (mg/kg)300
Manganese (mg/kg)64
Zinc (mg/kg)56
Iron (mg/kg)80
Copper (mg/kg)8
Iodine (mg/kg)0.96
Selenium (mg/kg)0.2
Enterococcus faecium (cfu/kg)1.2 × 109
Mixed calf feed
Crude protein (%)18.5
Crude oils and fats (%)3.3
Crude fibre max. (%)6.5
Crude ash max. (%)9.0
Phosphorus (%)0.8
Calcium (%)1.3
Sodium (%)0.23
Magnesium (%)0.25
Vitamin A (IU/kg)25,000
Vitamin D3 (IU/kg)5,000
Vitamin E (mg/kg)25.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-000068 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 497 - 504
Submitted on: Jun 28, 2021
Accepted on: Nov 30, 2021
Published on: Dec 20, 2021
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
calves,
feed additive,
immune response,
average daily body weight gains
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2021 Ewelina Szacawa, Katarzyna Dudek, Dariusz Bednarek, Marek Pieszka, Dorota Bederska-Łojewska, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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