Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Demographic, echocardiographic, and treatment characteristics of the study groups_ Statistical significance of the intergroup differences is shown in the superscript letters
| Variable | CHF + AF | CHF + SR | Control | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| total number | 12 | 9 | 12 | - |
| age (yrs) | 8.15 ± 3.58 | 10.84 ± 1.88A | 6.96 ± 2.83B | P < 0.05 |
| body weight (kg) | 37.41 ± 20.51B | 16.3 ± 9.18C | 21.54 ± 9.61 | P < 0.05 |
| sex (male/female) | 8/4 | 7/2 | 5/7 | ns |
| LA/Ao | 2.42 (1.68–3.92)A | 2.29 (2.01–3.29)A | 1.4 (0.97–1.48)B,C | P < 0.0001 |
| LVIDDN | 2.2 (1.92–3.27)A | 2.2 (1.99–2.43)A | 1.52 (1.39–1.61)B,C | P < 0.0001 |
| HR | 228.08 ± 34.34A,B | 142 ± 29.81C | 105.33 ± 13.68C | P < 0.0001 |
| NYHA class III | 4/12 | 4/9 | 0/12 | |
| NYHA class IV | 8/12 | 5/9 | 0/12 | |
| cardiac treatment | 8/12 | 5/9 | 0/12 | |
| ACE-I | 6/12 | 5/9 | 0/12 | |
| spironolactone | 6/12 | 5/9 | 0/12 | |
| digoxin | 3/12 | 0/9 | 0/12 | |
| loop diuretics | 8/12 | 5/9 | 0/12 | |
| β-blockers | 3/12 | 0/9 | 0/12 |