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Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 Cover

Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 64 (2020): Issue 1 (March 2020)
By: Michał K. Krzysiak,  Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz,  Magdalena Larska,  Jarosław Tomana and  Krzysztof Anusz  
Open Access
|Mar 2020

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Box plot of numbers of gastro-intestinal nematode eggs (black), Eimeria spp. oocysts (dark grey), Fasciola hepatica (light grey), and Dictyocaulus viviparus eggs (white) broken down by origin (A) and season (B). Boxes show the median and upper and lower quartiles, while the whiskers illustrate the data range. The additional dot, square, or diamond points stand for outliers. The statistically significant differences were verified using the Kruskal–Wallis test and are indicated with * for P between 0.05 and 0.001 and ** for P < 0.001
Box plot of numbers of gastro-intestinal nematode eggs (black), Eimeria spp. oocysts (dark grey), Fasciola hepatica (light grey), and Dictyocaulus viviparus eggs (white) broken down by origin (A) and season (B). Boxes show the median and upper and lower quartiles, while the whiskers illustrate the data range. The additional dot, square, or diamond points stand for outliers. The statistically significant differences were verified using the Kruskal–Wallis test and are indicated with * for P between 0.05 and 0.001 and ** for P < 0.001

Cross-correlations between the explanatory variables and outcomes – prevalence and intensity of invasion

OriginSeasonTrichostrongylidaeAonchotheca sp.Nematodirus spp.Strongyloides spp.Trichuris sp.Moniezia spp.Eimeria spp.Fasciola hepaticaDictyocaulus viviparus
Origin1-27.1

– P <0.001;

68.5

– P <0.001;

33.2

– P <0.001;

7.322.9

– P <0.001;

12.0

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

92.3

– P <0.001;

37.2

– P <0.001;

86.4

– P <0.001;
Season72.1

– P <0.001;

1102.1

– P <0.001;

4.56.01.912.0

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

15.0

– P <0.001;

3.213.4

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

56.4

– P <0.001;
Trichostron- gylidae0.737.9

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

10.15

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.22

– P <0.001;

−0.090.29

– P <0.001;

0.27

– P <0.001;

0.13

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.25

– P <0.001;

0.38

– P <0.001;

Intensity of invasion (number of eggs/oocysts/larvae)
Aonchotheca sp.74.4

– P <0.001;

3.25.8

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

10.11−0.070.100.070.38

– P <0.001;

0.16

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.15

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

Nematodirus spp.32.6

– P <0.001;

5.9

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1.67.0

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1−0.020.46

– P <0.001;

0.35

– P <0.001;

0.16

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.22

– P <0.001;

0.26

– P <0.001;

Strongyloides spp.7.32.00.22.10.21−0.03−0.03−0.06−0.08−0.06
Trichuris sp.22.5

– P <0.001;

11.9

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1.64.1

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

74.9

– P <0.001;

0.210.47

– P <0.001;

0.15

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.22

– P <0.001;

0.29

– P <0.001;

Moniezia spp.11.9

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

14.7

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1.90.841.6

– P <0.001;

0.371.2

– P <0.001;

10.090.15

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.20

– P <0.001;

Eimeria spp.7.412.5

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

0.0635.6

– P <0.001;

5.8

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1.14.5

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

4.7

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

10.010.04
Fasciola hepatica27.7

– P <0.001;

3.02.33.7

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

5.1

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

1.25.6

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

2.61.010.33

– P <0.001;

Dictyocaulus viviparus81.7

– P <0.001;

59.2

– P <0.001;

0.611.7

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

16.0

– P <0.001;

1.222.1

– P <0.001;

9.6

– P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

2.318.2

– P <0.001;

1
Prevalence (presence/absence of parasite)

The numbers of different gastro-intestinal nematodes, Fasciola hepatica eggs, Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae, and Eimeria spp_ oocysts and the parasite prevalence in European bison from the Białowieża Forest (n = 139) and its neighbouring area (n = 96) and the Knyszyńska (n = 107) and Borecka (n = 26) Forests collected in the autumns of 2014 and 2015 (n = 223), winter 2016 (n = 51), and spring 2015 (n = 94)

Parasite species (adult gastro-intestinal nematodes except where noted) Variables
Origin
Season
Białowieża Forest (BiF)BiF neighbouring areaKnyszyńska ForestBorecka ForestAutumnWinterSpring
Trichostrongylidaen

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

37.998.225.114.114.243131.9
(range)(1–1150)(1–1196)(1–305)(1–45)(1–98)(1–448)(1–1196)
%

– standard deviation;

95.793.794.492.39210098
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(20.4)(24.3)(23.1)(27.2)(27.3)(0)(14.5)
Aonchotheca spp.n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

5.34.21.36.23.823.1
(range)(1–82)(1–58)(1–8)(1–28)(1–82)(1–20)(1–79)
%

– standard deviation;

54.759.47.434.643.543.132.9
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(50)(49.4)(26.4)(48.5)–49.7(50)(47.2)
Nematodirus spp.n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

0.061.10.02 0.110.4
(range)(1–4)(1–24)(1–1)0(1–13)(1–24)(1–10)
%

– standard deviation;

3.619.81.9 4.59.811.7
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(18.7)(40)(13.6)0(20.7)(30)(32.3)
Strongyloides spp.n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

 0.1 0.05
(range)00(1–5)0(1–5)00
%

– standard deviation;

 2.8 1.3
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		00(16.6)0(11.5)00
Trichuris spp.n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

2.119.80.6 1.710.314.3
(range)(1–152)(1–305)(1–61)0(1–136)(1–249)(1–305)
%

– standard deviation;

5.817.71.9 3.611.813.8
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(23.3)(38.4)(13.6)0(18.6)(32.5)(34.7)
Moniezia spp.n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

1.714.34.5 2.16.514
(range)(1–142)(1–304)(1–267)0(1–267)(1–142)(0–304)
%

– standard deviation;

8.615.63.7 417.613.8
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(28.2)(36.5)(19.1)0(19.7)(38.5)(34.7)
Eimeria spp. (oocysts)n

– mean of oocyst numbers per 5 g of faeces

45.499.210.8160.665.927.553.8
(range)(1–748)(1–5072)(1–557)(1–1914)(1–5072)(1–391)(1–1917)
%

– mean of oocyst numbers per 5 g of faeces

74.877.125.296.15682.365.9
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(43.5)(42.2)(43.6)(19.6)(49.7)(38.5)(47.6)
Fasciola hepatica (eggs)n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

8.78.72.45.33.518.37.5
(range)(1–403)(1–63)(1–22)(1–62)(1–63)(1–403)(1–38)
%

– standard deviation;

69.178.153.330.862.358.871.3
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(46.4)(41.6)(50.1)(47.1)(48.5)(49.7)(45.5)
Dictyocaulus viviparus (larvae)n

– mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

549.8 28.4620.740.6
(range)(1–173)(1–856)0(1–276)(1–276)(1–176)(1–856)
%

– standard deviation;

26.655.2 46.114.433.356.4
(SD

– % mean prevalence;

)		(44.3)(50)0(50.8)(35.1)(47.6)(49.8)

Mixed-effects generalised linear model (GLM) coefficients for the effects of season and origin on the probability of European bison of being infected with individual parasites

Origin (forest)
Season
BiFBiFneighbouringareaKnFBoFAutumnWinterSpringIntercept
Aonchotheca sp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|0.22 0.29 0.77 0.44−2.96 0.42 −7.01 <0.001−0.79 0.47 −1.68 0.09−0.90 0.34 −2.65 0.008−0.84 0.30 −2.78 0.0050.58 0.21 2.73 0.006
Trichuris sp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|1.20 0.49 2.44 0.02−0.95 0.84 −1.13 0.260 – – –1.13 0.60 1.88 0.061.30 0.49 2.68 0.007−3.47 0.49 −6.96 <0.001
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|1.05 0.32 3.26 0.0010 – – –0.21 0.53 0.40 0.690.75 0.38 1.98 0.052.29 0.36 6.35 <0.001−1.67 0.27 −6.23 <0.001

The numbers of faecal samples collected by location and season

SeasonLocation
Borecka ForestKnyszyńska ForestBiałowieża ForestBiF neighbouring regionTotal
Autumn 201412187850158
Autumn 20150650065
Spring 20151424203694
Winter 201600411051
Total2610713996368

Mixed-effect generalised linear model (GLM) coefficients for the effects of season and origin on the intensity of individual parasite invasion in European bison

Origin (forest)
Season
BiFBiFneighbouringareaKnFBoFAutumnWinterSpringIntercept
Trichostrongylidae
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|0.50 0.02 27.2 <0.001−0.48 0.02 −19.0 <0.001−1.7 0.05 −30.8 <0.0010.95 0.03 33.11 <0.0012.16 0.02 106.4 <0.0012.69 0.02 127.3 <0.001
Aonchotheca sp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|−0.34 0.06 −5.38 <0.001−3.10 0.18 −17.14 <0.001−0.75 0.12 −6.11 <0.001−1.18 0.10 −11.20 <0.001−0.23 0.07 −3.30 <0.0011.94 0.04 47.9 <0.001
Nematodirus spp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|3.33 0.35 9.44 <0.001−0.25 0.80 −0.32 0.75−12.55 614.7 −0.02 0.982.05 0.22 9.00 <0.0010.53 0.24 2.20 0.03−3.87 0.38 −10.21 <0.001
Trichuris sp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|2.18 0.06 33.27 <0.001−0.82 0.14 −5.93 <0.001−16.49 481.7 −0.03 0.971.76 0.07 25.72 <0.0011.71 0.06 29.45 <0.001−0.36 0.08 −4.69 <0.001
Moniezia spp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|1.95 0.07 26.61 <0.0011.21 0.08 14.23 <0.001−16.1 414.4 −0.04 0.971.51 0.08 19.60 <0.0011.74 0.06 31.57 <0.001−0.43 0.08 −5.34 <0.001
Eimeria spp.
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|0.76 0.02 45.62 <0.001−1.62 0.03 −50.10 <0.0011.25 0.02 60.05 <0.001−0.99 0.03 −34.66 <0.001−0.59 0.02 −35.12 <0.0014.10 0.01 305.10 <0.001
Fasciola hepatica
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP>|z|0.20 0.05 4.21 <0.001−0.77 0.07 −10.30 <0.001−0.16 0.09 −1.71 0.091.42 0.05 27.33 <0.0010.65 0.05 12.27 <0.0011.44 0.04 32.17 <0.001
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Coefficient βStandard errorz statisticP >|z|2.21 0.04 51.89 <0.001−19.31 770.34 −0.03 0.981.54 0.06 27.65 <0.0011.26 0.04 29.94 <0.0011.40 0.03 43.70 <0.0010.82 0.04 18.00 <0.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 103 - 110
Submitted on: Sep 3, 2019
Accepted on: Mar 2, 2020
Published on: Mar 24, 2020
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
European bison,
parasites,
parasitological monitoring,
zoonosis
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2020 Michał K. Krzysiak, Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz, Magdalena Larska, Jarosław Tomana, Krzysztof Anusz, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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