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Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 Cover

Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 64 (2020): Issue 1 (March 2020)
By: ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Mar 2020
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

The numbers of faecal samples collected by location and season

Borecka ForestKnyszyńska ForestBiałowieża ForestBiF neighbouring regionTotal
Autumn 201412187850158
Autumn 20150650065
Spring 20151424203694
Winter 201600411051
Total2610713996368
Table 2

The numbers of different gastro-intestinal nematodes, Fasciola hepatica eggs, Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae, and Eimeria spp. oocysts and the parasite prevalence in European bison from the Białowieża Forest (n = 139) and its neighbouring area (n = 96) and the Knyszyńska (n = 107) and Borecka (n = 26) Forests collected in the autumns of 2014 and 2015 (n = 223), winter 2016 (n = 51), and spring 2015 (n = 94)

Białowieża Forest (BiF)BiF neighbouring areaKnyszyńska ForestBorecka ForestAutumnWinterSpring
Trichostrongylidaena37.998.225.114.114.243131.9
(range)(1–1150)(1–1196)(1–305)(1–45)(1–98)(1–448)(1–1196)
%c95.793.794.492.39210098
(SDb)(20.4)(24.3)(23.1)(27.2)(27.3)(0)(14.5)
Aonchotheca spp.na5.34.21.36.23.823.1
(range)(1–82)(1–58)(1–8)(1–28)(1–82)(1–20)(1–79)
%c54.759.47.434.643.543.132.9
(SDb)(50)(49.4)(26.4)(48.5)–49.7(50)(47.2)
Nematodirus spp.na0.061.10.020.110.4
(range)(1–4)(1–24)(1–1)0(1–13)(1–24)(1–10)
%c3.619.81.94.59.811.7
(SDb)(18.7)(40)(13.6)0(20.7)(30)(32.3)
Strongyloides spp.na0.10.05
(range)00(1–5)0(1–5)00
%c2.81.3
(SDb)00(16.6)0(11.5)00
Trichuris spp.na2.119.80.61.710.314.3
(range)(1–152)(1–305)(1–61)0(1–136)(1–249)(1–305)
%c5.817.71.93.611.813.8
(SDb)(23.3)(38.4)(13.6)0(18.6)(32.5)(34.7)
Moniezia spp.na1.714.34.52.16.514
(range)(1–142)(1–304)(1–267)0(1–267)(1–142)(0–304)
%c8.615.63.7417.613.8
(SDb)(28.2)(36.5)(19.1)0(19.7)(38.5)(34.7)
Eimeria spp. (oocysts)nd45.499.210.8160.665.927.553.8
(range)(1–748)(1–5072)(1–557)(1–1914)(1–5072)(1–391)(1–1917)
%d74.877.125.296.15682.365.9
(SDb)(43.5)(42.2)(43.6)(19.6)(49.7)(38.5)(47.6)
Fasciola hepatica (eggs)na8.78.72.45.33.518.37.5
(range)(1–403)(1–63)(1–22)(1–62)(1–63)(1–403)(1–38)
%c69.178.153.330.862.358.871.3
(SDb)(46.4)(41.6)(50.1)(47.1)(48.5)(49.7)(45.5)
Dictyocaulus viviparus (larvae)na549.828.4620.740.6
(range)(1–173)(1–856)0(1–276)(1–276)(1–176)(1–856)
%c26.655.246.114.433.356.4
(SDb)(44.3)(50)0(50.8)(35.1)(47.6)(49.8)

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

d – mean of oocyst numbers per 5 g of faeces

d – mean of oocyst numbers per 5 g of faeces

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

a – mean of egg numbers per 3 g of faeces;

c – standard deviation;

b – % mean prevalence;

Fig. 1

Box plot of numbers of gastro-intestinal nematode eggs (black), Eimeria spp. oocysts (dark grey), Fasciola hepatica (light grey), and Dictyocaulus viviparus eggs (white) broken down by origin (A) and season (B). Boxes show the median and upper and lower quartiles, while the whiskers illustrate the data range. The additional dot, square, or diamond points stand for outliers. The statistically significant differences were verified using the Kruskal–Wallis test and are indicated with * for P between 0.05 and 0.001 and ** for P < 0.001

Table 3

Cross-correlations between the explanatory variables and outcomes – prevalence and intensity of invasion

OriginSeasonTrichostrongylidaeAonchotheca sp.Nematodirus spp.Strongyloides spp.Trichuris sp.Moniezia spp.Eimeria spp.Fasciola hepaticaDictyocaulus viviparus
Origin1-27.1**68.5**33.2**7.322.9**12.0*92.3**37.2**86.4**
Season72.1**1102.1**4.56.01.912.0*15.0**3.213.4*56.4**
Trichostron- gylidae0.737.9*10.15*0.22**−0.090.29**0.27**0.13*0.25**0.38**Intensity of invasion (number of eggs/oocysts/larvae)
Aonchotheca sp.74.4**3.25.8*10.11−0.070.100.070.38**0.16*0.15*
Nematodirus spp.32.6**5.9*1.67.0*1−0.020.46**0.35**0.16*0.22**0.26**
Strongyloides spp.7.32.00.22.10.21−0.03−0.03−0.06−0.08−0.06
Trichuris sp.22.5**11.9*1.64.1*74.9**0.210.47**0.15*0.22**0.29**
Moniezia spp.11.9*14.7*1.90.841.6**0.371.2**10.090.15*0.20**
Eimeria spp.7.412.5*0.0635.6**5.8*1.14.5*4.7*10.010.04
Fasciola hepatica27.7**3.02.33.7*5.1*1.25.6*2.61.010.33**
Dictyocaulus viviparus81.7**59.2**0.611.7*16.0**1.222.1**9.6*2.318.2**1
Prevalence (presence/absence of parasite)

in lower left corner in white – χ2 for the prevalence study; in upper right corner – Kruskal–Wallis χ2 values in darker grey and Spearman ρ values in lighter grey below for the intensity of invasion (number of eggs/oocysts/larvae)

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

** – P <0.001;

* – P value between 0.05 and 0.001;

** – P <0.001;

Table 4

Mixed-effect generalised linear model (GLM) coefficients for the effects of season and origin on the intensity of individual parasite invasion in European bison

BiFBiF
neighbouring
area		KnFBoFAutumnWinterSpringIntercept
Trichostrongylidae
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_002.png0.50
0.02
27.2
<0.001		−0.48
0.02
−19.0
<0.001		−1.7
0.05
−30.8
<0.001		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_003.png0.95
0.03
33.11
<0.001		2.16
0.02
106.4
<0.001		2.69
0.02
127.3
<0.001
Aonchotheca sp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_004.png−0.34
0.06
−5.38
<0.001		−3.10
0.18
−17.14
<0.001		−0.75
0.12
−6.11
<0.001		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_005.png−1.18
0.10
−11.20
<0.001		−0.23
0.07
−3.30
<0.001		1.94
0.04
47.9
<0.001
Nematodirus spp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_006.png3.33
0.35
9.44
<0.001		−0.25
0.80
−0.32
0.75		−12.55
614.7
−0.02
0.98		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_007.png2.05
0.22
9.00
<0.001		0.53
0.24
2.20
0.03		−3.87
0.38
−10.21
<0.001
Trichuris sp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_008.png2.18
0.06
33.27
<0.001		−0.82
0.14
−5.93
<0.001		−16.49
481.7
−0.03
0.97		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_009.png1.76
0.07
25.72
<0.001		1.71
0.06
29.45
<0.001		−0.36
0.08
−4.69
<0.001
Moniezia spp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_010.png1.95
0.07
26.61
<0.001		1.21
0.08
14.23
<0.001		−16.1
414.4
−0.04
0.97		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_011.png1.51
0.08
19.60
<0.001		1.74
0.06
31.57
<0.001		−0.43
0.08
−5.34
<0.001
Eimeria spp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_012.png0.76 0.02
45.62
<0.001		−1.62
0.03
−50.10
<0.001		1.25
0.02
60.05
<0.001		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_013.png−0.99
0.03
−34.66
<0.001		−0.59
0.02
−35.12
<0.001		4.10
0.01
305.10
<0.001
Fasciola hepatica
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P>|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_014.png0.20
0.05
4.21
<0.001		−0.77
0.07
−10.30
<0.001		−0.16
0.09
−1.71
0.09		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_015.png1.42
0.05
27.33
<0.001		0.65
0.05
12.27 <0.001		1.44
0.04
32.17
<0.001
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_016.png2.21
0.04
51.89
<0.001		−19.31
770.34
−0.03
0.98		1.54
0.06
27.65
<0.001		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_017.png1.26
0.04
29.94
<0.001		1.40
0.03
43.70
<0.001		0.82
0.04
18.00
<0.001
Table 5

Mixed-effects generalised linear model (GLM) coefficients for the effects of season and origin on the probability of European bison of being infected with individual parasites

BiFBiF
neighbouring
area		KnFBoFAutumnWinterSpringIntercept
Aonchotheca sp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_018.png0.22
0.29
0.77
0.44		−2.96
0.42
−7.01
<0.001		−0.79
0.47
−1.68
0.09		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_019.png−0.90
0.34
−2.65
0.008		−0.84
0.30
−2.78
0.005		0.58
0.21
2.73
0.006
Trichuris sp.
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_020.png1.20
0.49
2.44
0.02		−0.95
0.84
−1.13
0.26		0
–
–
–		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_021.png1.13
0.60
1.88 0.06		1.30
0.49
2.68
0.007		−3.47
0.49
−6.96
<0.001
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Coefficient β
Standard error
z statistic
P >|z|		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_022.png1.05
0.32
3.26
0.001		0
–
–
–		0.21
0.53
0.40
0.69		graphic/j_jvetres-2020-0022_eq_023.png0.75
0.38
1.98
0.05		2.29
0.36
6.35
<0.001		−1.67
0.27
−6.23
<0.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 103 - 110
Submitted on: Sep 3, 2019
Accepted on: Mar 2, 2020
Published on: Mar 24, 2020
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
European bison,
parasites,
parasitological monitoring,
zoonosis
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2020 Michał K. Krzysiak, Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz, Magdalena Larska, Jarosław Tomana, Krzysztof Anusz, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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