Table 1
List of primers used in this study
| Gene | Sequence (5'–3') | Size (bp) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| blaKPC | F: ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCT | 882 | |
| R: TTTTCAGAGCCT TACTGCCC | |||
| blaOXA-48 | F: TTGGTGGCATCGATTATCGG | 743 | |
| R: GAGCACTTCTTTTGTGATGGC | Hamza et al (9). | ||
| blaNDM | F: GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC | 621 | |
| R: CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC | |||
| toxA | F: GACAACGCCCTCAGCATCACCAGC | 396 | |
| R: CGCTGGCCCATTCGCTCCAGCGCT | Xu et al (28). |
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic analysis of the toxA gene. The toxA genes sequenced in this study are marked with red solid dots. All other sequences are derived from the NCBI GenBank database
Table 2
Occurrence among different sources of P. aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA), and exotoxin A in the tested samples
| Origin of sample | Number of samples | Number of samples positive for P. aeruginosa | Occurrence of P. aeruginosa (%) | Number of samples positive for CRPA | Occurrence of CRPA (%) | Exotoxin A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buffalo | 50 | 20 | 40 | 12 | 60 | 40 strains out of 50 (80%) |
| Cattle | 50 | 17 | 34 | 10 | 59 | |
| Livestock drinking water | 30 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 67 | |
| Human | 50 | 10 | 20 | 7 | 70 |