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Phenotypic diversity and potential virulence factors of the Shewanella putrefaciens group isolated from freshwater fish Cover

Phenotypic diversity and potential virulence factors of the Shewanella putrefaciens group isolated from freshwater fish

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 63 (2019): Issue 3 (September 2019)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2019

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens group to different fish cell lines The average number of adherent bacteria (CFU) from two repetitions is shown. The standard errors of means were less than 10% of mean values in each case. Cell lines used: EPC – epithelioma papulosum cyprini, BF-2 – bluegill fry, CHSE – chinook salmon embryo, RTG-2 – rainbow trout gonad
Adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens group to different fish cell lines The average number of adherent bacteria (CFU) from two repetitions is shown. The standard errors of means were less than 10% of mean values in each case. Cell lines used: EPC – epithelioma papulosum cyprini, BF-2 – bluegill fry, CHSE – chinook salmon embryo, RTG-2 – rainbow trout gonad

Fig. 2

Ulcers on the skin in common carp
Ulcers on the skin in common carp

Fig. 3

Congestion of internal organs in common carp
Congestion of internal organs in common carp

Fig. 4

Exophthalmia, lesions on gill cover (A) and pale liver (B) in rainbow trout
Exophthalmia, lesions on gill cover (A) and pale liver (B) in rainbow trout

Biochemical properties and growth condition of S_ putrefaciens group isolates (n = 44) and reference strains

S. putrefaciens isolates
Biochemical propertiesS. xiamenensis (n = 9)S. oneidensis (n = 4)S. putrefaciens (n = 25)Shewanella sp. (n = 6)ATCC BAA-1097ATCC 8071ATCC 8073ATCC 700550JCM 16212T
Ornithine decarboxylase61145--−++
Citrate utilisation2042+w+w−++
Acid from arabinose9031+++−+
Aesculin hydrolysis94236+w+w+++
Assimilation:
Glucose82120̶−+−+
Arabinose9081−++−+
Potassium gluconate00181−−−−−
Capric acid71160++−−+
Malic acid94255++−−+
Growth condition NaCl range (%)
0.0–2.094256+++++
3.093255+++++
4.050251+++w++
5.030241+w−+w+w+w
6.00000−−−−−

Matrix showing homologous titres for serological variant definition (upper part) and Shewanella distribution in defined variants (lower part)

Antisera*
Titre S-K604S-K575S-St5S-St16S-K530S-ATCC BAA 1097S-K696S-KK3S-Am6S-TIIIS-ATCC 8071S-Sh1S-K678S-St8
antigensA-K6042,5600000000000000
A-K575402,560000000000000
A-St5002,56000000000000
A-St160002,5600000000000
A-K53000002,560000000000
A- ATCC BAA 1097000002,5600000016000
A-K6960000001,2800000000
A-KK30000016001,280000000
A-Am6000000001,280 00000
A-TIII0000000001,2800000
A-ATCC 807100000000001,280000
A-Sh10000000000064000
A-K6780000000000003200
A-St80000000000000160
Variant IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIXIIIXIV
isolatesIDK604 ATCC 8073 Tsk20K575 E9, Tp5 K313 K677St5 W24 W28St16K530ATCC BAA 1097K696 Jes1 K733 K736KK3 St15 Pt400 Plo1Am6 Jes15TIII E6 E3 Jaz4ATCC 8071Sh1 KOI2 Sh4K678St8
n**35311144241311
%6%11%6%2%2%2%9%9%4%9%2%6%2%2%

Distribution of inhibition zone diameter values of different antimicrobial agents for the Shewanella isolates (n = 44)

Inhibition zone diameter (mm)
Antimicrobial (concentration)Bacteria species 71114 30
6---17181920212223242526272829->35Criteria*%NWT
Shewanella 101316 35
sulphonamides (300μg)putrefaciens (n = 25)24 1 n.a.n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9)9 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4)4 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6)6 n.d.
sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (23.75/1.25μg)putrefaciens (n = 25)1 2 3 15324 4 NWT≤19 mm4
xiamenensis (n = 9)3 1 211 1 33
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 0
sp.** (n = 6) 111 12 0
oxolic acid (2μg)putrefaciens (n = 25)2 35117312 NWT ≤29 mm100
xiamenensis (n = 9)6 1 11 100
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 75
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 4 33
flumequine (30μg)putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 115 161n.a.n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9)5 1 1 11n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 3 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 41n.d.
enrofloxacin (5μg)putrefaciens (n = 25) 1 1 2 11123 121n.a.n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9)3 2 1 3 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 3 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 5 n.d.
norfloxacine (10μg)putrefaciens (n = 25)2 3 31 3213 7 n.a.n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9)4 1 1 1 2 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 1 1 1 1 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6) 1 1 4n.d.
oxytetracycline (30μg)putrefaciens (n = 25)1 1 41744 12 NWT ≤27 mm100
xiamenensis (n = 9)6 21 100
oneidensis (n = 4)2 1 1 100
sp.** (n = 6)1 1 2 1 1 100
doxycycline (30μg)putrefaciens (n = 25) 2 2 6 3 221 1 51n.a.n.d.
xiamenensis (n = 9)2 151 n.d.
oneidensis (n = 4) 11 1 1 n.d.
sp.** (n = 6)1 1 1 1 11 n.d.
florphenicol (30μg)putrefaciens (n = 25) 5 164NWT ≤26 mm0
xiamenensis (n = 9) 810
oneidensis (n = 4) 4 0
sp.** (n = 6) 2 130

S_ putrefaciens group isolates collected from freshwater fish

Molecular identificationSymbol of isolateAPINE profileFish speciesSymptoms of diseases/mortality
S. xiamenensisK7361451354Common carpYes/Yes
S. xiamenensisK733Common carpNo/Yes
S. xiamenensisKK3Koi carpYes/Yes
S. xiamenensisKOI2Koi carpYes/Yes
S. xiamenensisW24European eelYes/Yes
S. xiamenensisW28European eelYes/Yes
Shewanella sp.Jes15Siberian sturgeonNo/No
S. xiamenensisSt16Slender kribYes/Yes
S. xiamenensisSt8Slender kribYes/Yes
Shewanella sp.Am6Grass carpNo/No
S. putrefaciensK6771410344Common carpNo/No
S. putrefaciensK678Common carpNo/No
Shewanella sp.K769Common carpYes/No
S. oneidensisPt400Rainbow troutnd/Yes
S. putrefaciensPt411Rainbow troutYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK3131450754Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK530Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK604Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK679Common carpNo/No
S. putrefaciensK680Common carpNo/No
Shewanella sp.K5751450744Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensGIII41(3)Brown troutYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensSt4Rainbow troutYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensTp51410354Silver carpYes/Yes
S. oneidensisPlo1Common roachNo/No
S. oneidensisJes34Siberian sturgeonNo/No
S. putrefaciensTsk201410754Brown troutYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensSt5European whitefishYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensE6Rainbow troutNo/No
S. putrefaciensSh11411754Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensSh2Common carpYes/Yes
Shewanella sp.Jes11451754Siberian sturgeonNo/No
S. putrefaciensSh4Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensJaz4IdeNo/No
S. putrefaciensTIII1411744Brown troutYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK869Common carpYes/Yes
S. oneidensisK6961450344Common carpYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensE91010344Rainbow troutNo/No
S. putrefaciensE31011754Rainbow troutNo/No
S. xiamenensis16/c/291051344ZebrafishYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensW91400354European eelYes/Yes
Shewanella sp.St151411344Slender kribYes/Yes
S. putrefaciensK7511450354Common carpNo/No
S. putrefaciensGIII46(3)1451344Brown troutYes/Yes
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0046 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 321 - 332
Submitted on: Mar 7, 2019
Accepted on: Jul 30, 2019
Published on: Sep 13, 2019
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
bacterial fish diseases,
serotyping,
virulence,
adhesion
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2019 Ewa Paździor, Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska, Dariusz Wasyl, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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