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Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk Cover

Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk

Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 63 (2019): Issue 3 (September 2019)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2019

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Box-and-whisker plots illustrating serum concentrations in diagnosis groups (1 – adductor muscle injury, 2 – fractures, 3 – other mechanical traumatic lesions of locomotor system, 4 – coliform mastitis, 5 – miscellaneous (ruminal tympany, cachexia, spinal abscess, tarsitis), 6 – healthy control animals). A – phosphorus, B – potassium, C – iron, D – β-hydroxybutyrate, E – total bilirubin, F – non-esterified fatty acids, and G – creatine kinase. Parameters returning means differing significantly between the RCD and CDC groups were chosen for these plots (Table 4). Descriptive differences between the diagnosis groups could not be proven to be statistically significant (P > 0.003). Group 6 (healthy control cows) was not included in the ANOVA for independent samples due to the dependent data structure of ANOVA (matched pairs of a recumbent dairy cow and a control dairy cow). Red horizontal lines – upper and lower limits of the reference ranges according to Fürll (9) and Van Winden et al. (31); horizontal lines within the boxes – medians; crosses within the boxes – means
Box-and-whisker plots illustrating serum concentrations in diagnosis groups (1 – adductor muscle injury, 2 – fractures, 3 – other mechanical traumatic lesions of locomotor system, 4 – coliform mastitis, 5 – miscellaneous (ruminal tympany, cachexia, spinal abscess, tarsitis), 6 – healthy control animals). A – phosphorus, B – potassium, C – iron, D – β-hydroxybutyrate, E – total bilirubin, F – non-esterified fatty acids, and G – creatine kinase. Parameters returning means differing significantly between the RCD and CDC groups were chosen for these plots (Table 4). Descriptive differences between the diagnosis groups could not be proven to be statistically significant (P > 0.003). Group 6 (healthy control cows) was not included in the ANOVA for independent samples due to the dependent data structure of ANOVA (matched pairs of a recumbent dairy cow and a control dairy cow). Red horizontal lines – upper and lower limits of the reference ranges according to Fürll (9) and Van Winden et al. (31); horizontal lines within the boxes – medians; crosses within the boxes – means

Serum concentrations of examined parameters of the study groups

RDC group (n = 32)CDC group (n = 32)
ParameterPhysiological rangeaMean ± SDMean ± SDP¥
Mg (mmol/L)0.90–1.320.94 ± 0.161.03 ± 0.090.008
Ca (mmol/L)2.00–2.542.32 ± 0.512.57 ± 0.160.012
Pi (mmol/L)1.55–2.291.50 ± 0.611.91 ± 0.24< 0.001
Na (mmol/L)135.00–157.00147.31 ± 8.21142.59 ± 5.710.008
K (mmol/L)3.90–5.204.43 ± 0.755.10 ± 0.77< 0.001
Fe (μmol/L)13.00–33.0011.31 ± 8.1525.06 ± 4.48< 0.001
BHB (mmol/L)< 0.620.47 ± 0.270.61 ± 0.240.003
Bilirubin (μmol/L)3.30–5.304.24 ± 3.161.03 ± 0.55< 0.001
NEFA (μmol/L)< 400.00509.72 ± 330.15136.88 ± 76.36< 0.001
Urea (mmol/L)2.00–6.805.06 ± 2.073.91 ± 0.960.025
Creatinine (μmol/L)50.00–150.0070.34 ± 19.6771.05 ± 15.900.0625
AP (U/L)40.00–300.0054.19 ± 24.9645.94 ± 13.980.062
CK (U/L)< 150.005011.28 ± 13386.53666.44 ± 1645.44< 0.001
AST (U/L)< 80.00231.07 ± 207.7592.32 ± 14.960.020
GGT (U/L)< 50.0036.43 ± 20.4531.14 ± 12.360.0625
TP (g/L)68.00–82.0084.36 ± 8.0180.72 ± 6.040.029

Descriptive statistics of study groups

Item Study groups
RDC group (n = 32)CDC group (n = 32)
1 (n/%)5 (15.6)5 (15.6)
Number of lactations2 (n/%)7 (21.9)7 (21.9)
3 (n/%)8 (25.0)8 (25.0)
> 3 (n/%)12 (37.5)12 (37.5)
mean ± SD144 ± 110146 ± 111
DIMmin–max7–3836–384
Proportion of gravid cows(n/%)14 (43.8)14 (43.8)
Day of gestationamean ± SD95 ± 7289 ± 69

Example cross table used for the calculation of odds ratios and McNemar’s test

Detection methods for the serum parameters

ParameterMethoda
Mg, Ca, Piphotometric determination
Na, Kion-sensitive electrode
Feidentification with ferrozine (without deproteinisation)
BHBUV method
Bilirubinaccording to Jendrassik and Grof (10)
NEFA, ureakinetic UV assay
CreatinineJaffe reaction
ASToptimised standard method of DGKC
AP, CKNAC-activated, optimised standard method of DGKC
γ-GTaccording to Szasz (29)
TPbiuret method

Odds ratios for exceedance or lower deviation of serum parameter threshold values of the experimental group

RDC group
Parameter deviationPhysiological threshold valueaOR95% CIP¥
Mg ↓< 0.90 mmol/L3.6671.023–13.1430.092
Ca ↓< 2.00 mmol/L4.4290.467–42.0210.250
Pi ↓< 1.55 mmol/Lx
Na ↓< 135.00 mmol/L0.4840.042–5.6211.000
K ↓< 3.90 mmol/Lx
Fe ↓< 13.00 μmol/Lx
BHB ↑> 0.62 mmol/L0.4070.121–1.3690.227
Bilirubin ↑> 5.30 μmol/Lx
NEFA ↑> 400.00 μmol/Lx
Urea ↑> 2.00 mmol/Lx
Creatinine ↑> 150.00 μmol/Lxx
AP ↓< 40.00 U/L0.8660.302–2.4811.000
CK ↑> 150.00 U/L23.0592.778–191.410< 0.001
AST ↑> 80.00 U/L5.3570.555–51.7091.000
GGT ↑> 50.00 U/L1.5540.241–10.0101.000
TP ↑> 82.00 g/L2.3410.843–6.3530.210
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0038 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608
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Language: English
Page range: 383 - 390
Submitted on: Dec 14, 2018
Accepted on: Jul 2, 2019
Published on: Sep 13, 2019
Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
cattle,
lactation,
hypocalcaemia,
recumbency
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Molecular biology,
Microbiology and virology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2019 Jim Weber, Markus Zenker, Gábor Köller, Manfred Fürll, Markus Freick, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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