The amitraz metabolite profile in honey samples, separately presented for each group
| Group W – Apiwarol combustion in Wakont (n = 27) | Group B – Apiwarol combustion in hive (n = 27) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration (μg/kg) | Concentration (μg/kg) | |||||||
| Metabolite | percentage in samples containing residue | percentage of samples containing residue | ||||||
| Min. | Max. | Mean | Min. | Max. | Mean | |||
| DMF | 37.0% | 1.1 | 3.8 | 1.6 a | 66.6% | 1.0 | 29.9 | 4.6 a |
| DMPF | 77.7% | 1.0 | 2.7 | 1.7 a | 81.4% | 1.0 | 16.4 | 4.1 a |
| DMA | 92.5% | 10.0 | 60.5 | 26.6 b | 96.1% | 10.0 | 309.5 | 48.1 b |
Average amitraz marker residue contents in honey samples ±SD (as sum of amitraz and all metabolites containing the 2,4-DMA moiety, expressed as amitraz, in μg/kg)
| Groups | Group W – Apiwarol combustion in Wakont | Group B – Apiwarol combustion in hive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consecutive treatment | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
| n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | |
| Samples from brood chamber | 71.7 ± 52.9 | 16.3 ± | 11.1 54.9 ± 2.1 | 56.3 ± 50.4 | 38.1 ± 14.3 | 41.1 ± | 31.1 91.5 ± 55.9 | 276.2 ± 288.9 |
| Samples from super | 75.1 ± 18.9 | 38.4 ± 7.8 | 106.8 ± 0.8 | 72.2 ± 27.1 | 69.5 ± 9.9 | 85.1 ± | 26.8 53.9 ± 19.3 | 150.0 ± 70.1 |
| In total | 73.4 ± 39.8 | 27.4 ± | 14.7 80.9 ± 26.0 | 64.3 ± 41.3 | 53.8 ± 20.0 | 63.1 ± | 36.4 72.7 ± 45.8 | 213.1 ± 219.5 |
| Samples n = 3 in each from group centrifuged honey | 58.3 ± 21.98 means with different small letters in the same column are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) | 214.4 ± 29.7 means with different small letters in the same column are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) | ||||||